加州 · 戴維斯-斯特林法
協會，以及哪份協會文件優先。
一個業主協會（HOA）依據四份文件運作，而這些文件並不總是一致。《戴維斯-斯特林法》對它們之間的優先順序各用一句話作了規定——然後列出了董事會可以自行作出的少數幾種變更。
節 民法典 §§ 4205–4235 · § 4280 · §§ 4800–4820
章 第3章，管理文件 · 第6章，協會治理
條文 11
條文核實 2026-11-03
優先順序
《加州民法典》第4205條只有四個分句，卻在大多數文件爭議發生之前就決定了結果：
- 法律優先於一切。與法律相沖突的管理文件，以法律為準。
- 聲明書優先於設立條款（articles of incorporation）。
- 設立條款和聲明書優先於章程。
- 一切都優先於運營規則。
在這裡，最後一條比其他幾條更重要。選舉運營規則屬於運營規則：它們位於最底層。如果一項規則設定了章程不允許的提名資格，這並不是一個難以判斷的問題——以章程為準。而第一條意味著，一項規則不能因為通過程序合規，就繞開民法典第5105條。
不經會員表決的三種變更
修訂聲明書需要會員表決。以下三種則不需要，或不完全需要：
§ 4225——董事會必須採取行動。如果聲明書或其他管理文件中含有違反《加州政府法典》第12955條（即公平住房禁止性規定）的限制性約定條款，董事會必須在無需會員批准的情況下以修訂方式將其刪除，並在各縣登記備案重述後的聲明書。這不是可以自行斟酌的事項，也不能拖到年度會議再處理。
§ 4230——開發商離開之後的開發商條款。一旦施工完成、開發商已結束施工作業，董事會可以刪除那些賦予開發商對公共區域的進入權和營銷權的條款。但請閱讀(d)款：這一項仍然需要會員依照第4070條以法定人數的過半數通過——門檻比修訂聲明書低，但並非沒有門檻。在此之前，會員須先收到30天的個別通知。
§ 4235——過時的交叉引用。如果文件引用的《戴維斯-斯特林法》條文已被廢止或重新編號，董事會可以更正引用並重述聲明書。它修正的是指引，而不是所指向的內容。
為什麼重新編號在本站不只是一條腳註
第4235條之所以存在，是因為本法在2014年重新編纂，此前起草的每一份文件引用的條文編號都已不復存在。每一次移動分項位置的修訂，都會以較小的規模造成同樣的情況——這就是為什麼對第5105條的待生效修訂把二十五個分項從(i)移到(j)之後，會留下一連串仍引用舊字母的管理文件。
協會是什麼
民法典第4800條規定，共同利益開發項目（common interest development）應當由一個協會管理，該協會可以是法人，也可以是非法人；第4805條則賦予非法人協會與非營利互益法人相同的權力，除非管理文件另有規定。其實際後果貫穿本站：本法規定的義務，不取決於是否有人向加州州務卿（Secretary of State）提交了設立條款。非法人協會仍然必須遵守選舉程序，並履行記錄和通知方面的義務。
設立條款必須載明什麼
民法典第4280條(a)規定：向州務卿提交的設立條款，除法人宗旨聲明之外，還應包括一項聲明，該聲明須做到三點：表明該法人是依照《戴維斯-斯特林法》為管理共同利益開發項目而成立的協會；寫明營業或法人辦公地址，如果該辦公地點不在社區內，則寫明開發項目本身的臨街街道和最近的交叉街道；如有管理代理人（managing agent），寫明其姓名和地址。
(b)款要求法人協會依照《加州公司法典》第8210條每兩年提交一次的申報中也載明同樣的識別聲明；(c)款則規定，2014年1月1日之前依照原第1363.5條提交的文件視為符合要求。這一條與第5405條規定的申報相輔相成，兩者合起來，就是州政府得以知道哪些法人屬於業主協會的途徑。
民法典 § 4205 — 英文原文
Which Governing Document Prevails
Amended by Stats. 2013, Ch. 183, Sec. 11. (SB 745) Effective January 1, 2014.
條文以英文呈現，因為法律以英文頒佈，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文；如與條文有出入，以條文為準。
(a)To the extent of any conflict between the governing documents and the law, the law shall prevail.
(b)To the extent of any conflict between the articles of incorporation and the declaration, the declaration shall prevail.
(c)To the extent of any conflict between the bylaws and the articles of incorporation or declaration, the articles of incorporation or declaration shall prevail.
(d)To the extent of any conflict between the operating rules and the bylaws, articles of incorporation, or declaration, the bylaws, articles of incorporation, or declaration shall prevail.
逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室（Legislative Counsel）公佈的條文，並與第二個來源逐字核對（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律屬於政府法令，不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈，以該版本為準。
機器可讀：/data/4205.json——同一條文，附分項錨點、日期和來源。
民法典 § 4210 — 英文原文
Statement Recorded to Facilitate Assessment Collection
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.
條文以英文呈現，因為法律以英文頒佈，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文；如與條文有出入，以條文為準。
In order to facilitate the collection of regular assessments, special assessments, transfer fees as authorized by Sections 4530, 4575, and 4580, and similar charges, the board is authorized to record a statement or amended statement identifying relevant information for the association. This statement may include any or all of the following information:
(a)The name of the association as shown in the declaration or the current name of the association, if different.
(b)The name and address of a managing agent or treasurer of the association or other individual or entity authorized to receive assessments and fees imposed by the association.
(c)A daytime telephone number of the authorized party identified in subdivision (b) if a telephone number is available.
(d)A list of separate interests subject to assessment by the association, showing the assessor’s parcel number or legal description, or both, of the separate interests.
(e)The recording information identifying the declaration governing the association.
(f)If an amended statement is being recorded, the recording information identifying the prior statement or statements which the amendment is superseding.
來源不一致。 Text taken verbatim from the Legislative Counsel of California official code database and checked word for word against an independent publisher. The two sources disagree on one word: the official database reads “Sections 4530, 4575, and 4580” where california.public.law reads “Section”. The plural is what the Legislative Counsel publishes and is what the citation list requires. The same substitution appears at §§ 4210, 5310, 5350 and 5375 — in every case immediately before a list of two or more section numbers, and nowhere else, which is where the second source's own citation-linking rewrites the word.
逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室（Legislative Counsel）公佈的條文，並與第二個來源逐字核對（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律屬於政府法令，不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈，以該版本為準。
機器可讀：/data/4210.json——同一條文，附分項錨點、日期和來源。
民法典 § 4215 — 英文原文
Governing Documents Are Liberally Construed
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.
條文以英文呈現，因為法律以英文頒佈，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文；如與條文有出入，以條文為準。
Any deed, declaration, or condominium plan for a common interest development shall be liberally construed to facilitate the operation of the common interest development, and its provisions shall be presumed to be independent and severable. Nothing in Article 3 (commencing with Section 715) of Chapter 2 of Title 2 of Part 1 of Division 2 shall operate to invalidate any provisions of the governing documents.
逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室（Legislative Counsel）公佈的條文，並與第二個來源逐字核對（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律屬於政府法令，不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈，以該版本為準。
機器可讀：/data/4215.json——同一條文，附分項錨點、日期和來源。
民法典 § 4220 — 英文原文
Physical Boundaries Control When Interpreting a Condominium Plan
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.
條文以英文呈現，因為法律以英文頒佈，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文；如與條文有出入，以條文為準。
In interpreting deeds and condominium plans, the existing physical boundaries of a unit in a condominium project, when the boundaries of the unit are contained within a building, or of a unit reconstructed in substantial accordance with the original plans thereof, shall be conclusively presumed to be its boundaries rather than the metes and bounds expressed in the deed or condominium plan, if any exists, regardless of settling or lateral movement of the building and regardless of minor variance between boundaries shown on the plan or in the deed and those of the building.
逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室（Legislative Counsel）公佈的條文，並與第二個來源逐字核對（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律屬於政府法令，不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈，以該版本為準。
機器可讀：/data/4220.json——同一條文，附分項錨點、日期和來源。
民法典 § 4225 — 英文原文
The Board Must Delete an Unlawful Restrictive Covenant
Amended by Stats. 2022, Ch. 48, Sec. 7. (SB 189) Effective June 30, 2022.
條文以英文呈現，因為法律以英文頒佈，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文；如與條文有出入，以條文為準。
(a)No declaration or other governing document shall include a restrictive covenant in violation of Section 12955 of the Government Code.
(b)Notwithstanding any other provision of law or provision of the governing documents, the board, without approval of the members, shall amend any declaration or other governing document that includes a restrictive covenant prohibited by this section to delete the restrictive covenant, and shall restate the declaration or other governing document without the restrictive covenant but with no other change to the declaration or governing document.
(c)If the declaration is amended under this section, the board shall record the restated declaration in each county in which the common interest development is located. If the articles of incorporation are amended under this section, the board shall file a certificate of amendment with the Secretary of State pursuant to Section 7814 of the Corporations Code.
(d)If after providing written notice to an association, pursuant to Section 4035, requesting that the association delete a restrictive covenant that violates subdivision (a), and the association fails to delete the restrictive covenant within 30 days of receiving the notice, the Civil Rights Department, a city or county in which a common interest development is located, or any person may bring an action against the association for injunctive relief to enforce subdivision (a). The court may award attorney’s fees to the prevailing party.
本條的歷史版本
通過比較加州立法顧問辦公室每個立法會期發佈一次的法典版本整理而成。最早的是2013至2014年版，其中《戴維斯-斯特林法》已採用現行編號，因此修改從其後的版本起記錄。這不只是存檔問題：民法典第5145條給予會員一年時間質疑選舉，適用的是選舉舉行當日的現行條文，而不是今天的條文。
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SB 1892022-06-30起生效
Amended by Stats. 2022, Ch. 48, Sec. 7. (SB 189) Effective June 30, 2022.
1處分項修改
查看修改內容
- (d)… 30 days of receiving the notice, the
Department of Fair Employment and Housing, Civil Rights Department, a city or county in which a …
逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室（Legislative Counsel）公佈的條文，並與第二個來源逐字核對（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律屬於政府法令，不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈，以該版本為準。
機器可讀：/data/4225.json——同一條文，附分項錨點、日期和來源。
民法典 § 4230 — 英文原文
Deleting Developer Provisions After Construction Ends
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.
條文以英文呈現，因為法律以英文頒佈，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文；如與條文有出入，以條文為準。
(a)Notwithstanding any provision of the governing documents to the contrary, the board may, after the developer has completed construction of the development, has terminated construction activities, and has terminated marketing activities for the sale, lease, or other disposition of separate interests within the development, adopt an amendment deleting from any of the governing documents any provision which is unequivocally designed and intended, or which by its nature can only have been designed or intended, to facilitate the developer in completing the construction or marketing of the development. However, provisions of the governing documents relative to a particular construction or marketing phase of the development may not be deleted under the authorization of this subdivision until that construction or marketing phase has been completed.
(b)The provisions which may be deleted by action of the board shall be limited to those which provide for access by the developer over or across the common area for the purposes of (1) completion of construction of the development, and (2) the erection, construction, or maintenance of structures or other facilities designed to facilitate the completion of construction or marketing of separate interests.
(c)At least 30 days prior to taking action pursuant to subdivision (a), the board shall deliver to all members, by individual delivery, pursuant to Section 4040, (1) a copy of all amendments to the governing documents proposed to be adopted under subdivision (a), and (2) a notice of the time, date, and place the board will consider adoption of the amendments. The board may consider adoption of amendments to the governing documents pursuant to subdivision (a) only at a meeting that is open to all members, who shall be given opportunity to make comments thereon. All deliberations of the board on any action proposed under subdivision (a) shall only be conducted in an open meeting.
(d)The board may not amend the governing documents pursuant to this section without the approval of a majority of a quorum of the members, pursuant to Section 4070. For the purposes of this section, “quorum” means more than 50 percent of the members who own no more than two separate interests in the development.
逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室（Legislative Counsel）公佈的條文，並與第二個來源逐字核對（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律屬於政府法令，不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈，以該版本為準。
機器可讀：/data/4230.json——同一條文，附分項錨點、日期和來源。
民法典 § 4235 — 英文原文
Correcting Cross-References to Repealed Provisions
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.
條文以英文呈現，因為法律以英文頒佈，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文；如與條文有出入，以條文為準。
(a)Notwithstanding any other provision of law or provision of the governing documents, if the governing documents include a reference to a provision of the Davis-Stirling Common Interest Development Act that was repealed and continued in a new provision by the act that added this section, the board may amend the governing documents, solely to correct the cross-reference, by adopting a board resolution that shows the correction. Member approval is not required in order to adopt a resolution pursuant to this section.
(b)A declaration that is corrected under this section may be restated in corrected form and recorded, provided that a copy of the board resolution authorizing the corrections is recorded along with the restated declaration.
逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室（Legislative Counsel）公佈的條文，並與第二個來源逐字核對（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律屬於政府法令，不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈，以該版本為準。
機器可讀：/data/4235.json——同一條文，附分項錨點、日期和來源。
民法典 § 4280 — 英文原文
The Statement in the Articles of Incorporation
Amended by Stats. 2013, Ch. 605, Sec. 20. (SB 752) Effective January 1, 2014.
條文以英文呈現，因為法律以英文頒佈，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文；如與條文有出入，以條文為準。
(a)The articles of incorporation of an association filed with the Secretary of State shall include a statement, which shall be in addition to the statement of purposes of the corporation, that does all of the following:
(a)(1)Identifies the corporation as an association formed to manage a common interest development under the Davis-Stirling Common Interest Development Act.
(a)(2)States the business or corporate office of the association, if any, and, if the office is not on the site of the common interest development, states the front street and nearest cross street for the physical location of the common interest development.
(a)(3)States the name and address of the association’s managing agent, if any.
(b)The statement filed by an incorporated association with the Secretary of State pursuant to Section 8210 of the Corporations Code shall also contain a statement identifying the corporation as an association formed to manage a common interest development under the Davis-Stirling Common Interest Development Act.
(c)Documents filed prior to January 1, 2014, in compliance with former Section 1363.5, as it read on January 1, 2013, are deemed to be in compliance with this section.
逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室（Legislative Counsel）公佈的條文，並與第二個來源逐字核對（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律屬於政府法令，不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈，以該版本為準。
機器可讀：/data/4280.json——同一條文，附分項錨點、日期和來源。
民法典 § 4800 — 英文原文
A Common Interest Development Is Managed by an Association
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.
條文以英文呈現，因為法律以英文頒佈，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文；如與條文有出入，以條文為準。
A common interest development shall be managed by an association that may be incorporated or unincorporated. The association may be referred to as an owners’ association or a community association.
逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室（Legislative Counsel）公佈的條文，並與第二個來源逐字核對（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律屬於政府法令，不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈，以該版本為準。
機器可讀：/data/4800.json——同一條文，附分項錨點、日期和來源。
民法典 § 4805 — 英文原文
Powers of the Association, Incorporated or Not
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.
條文以英文呈現，因為法律以英文頒佈，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文；如與條文有出入，以條文為準。
(a)Unless the governing documents provide otherwise, and regardless of whether the association is incorporated or unincorporated, the association may exercise the powers granted to a nonprofit mutual benefit corporation, as enumerated in Section 7140 of the Corporations Code, except that an unincorporated association may not adopt or use a corporate seal or issue membership certificates in accordance with Section 7313 of the Corporations Code.
(b)The association, whether incorporated or unincorporated, may exercise the powers granted to an association in this act.
逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室（Legislative Counsel）公佈的條文，並與第二個來源逐字核對（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律屬於政府法令，不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈，以該版本為準。
機器可讀：/data/4805.json——同一條文，附分項錨點、日期和來源。
民法典 § 4820 — 英文原文
Members of a Consolidated Joint Neighborhood Association
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.
條文以英文呈現，因為法律以英文頒佈，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文；如與條文有出入，以條文為準。
Whenever two or more associations have consolidated any of their functions under a joint neighborhood association or similar organization, members of each participating association shall be (a) entitled to attend all meetings of the joint association other than executive sessions, (b) given reasonable opportunity for participation in those meetings, and (c) entitled to the same access to the joint association’s records as they are to the participating association’s records.
逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室（Legislative Counsel）公佈的條文，並與第二個來源逐字核對（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律屬於政府法令，不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈，以該版本為準。
機器可讀：/data/4820.json——同一條文，附分項錨點、日期和來源。