加州 · 戴维斯-斯特林法
协会，以及哪份协会文件优先。
一个业主协会（HOA）依据四份文件运作，而这些文件并不总是一致。《戴维斯-斯特林法》对它们之间的优先顺序各用一句话作了规定——然后列出了董事会可以自行作出的少数几种变更。
节 民法典 §§ 4205–4235 · § 4280 · §§ 4800–4820
章 第3章，管理文件 · 第6章，协会治理
条文 11
条文核实 2026-11-03
优先顺序
《加州民法典》第4205条只有四个分句，却在大多数文件争议发生之前就决定了结果：
- 法律优先于一切。与法律相冲突的管理文件，以法律为准。
- 声明书优先于设立条款（articles of incorporation）。
- 设立条款和声明书优先于章程。
- 一切都优先于运营规则。
在这里，最后一条比其他几条更重要。选举运营规则属于运营规则：它们位于最底层。如果一项规则设定了章程不允许的提名资格，这并不是一个难以判断的问题——以章程为准。而第一条意味着，一项规则不能因为通过程序合规，就绕开民法典第5105条。
不经会员表决的三种变更
修订声明书需要会员表决。以下三种则不需要，或不完全需要：
§ 4225——董事会必须采取行动。如果声明书或其他管理文件中含有违反《加州政府法典》第12955条（即公平住房禁止性规定）的限制性约定条款，董事会必须在无需会员批准的情况下以修订方式将其删除，并在各县登记备案重述后的声明书。这不是可以自行斟酌的事项，也不能拖到年度会议再处理。
§ 4230——开发商离开之后的开发商条款。一旦施工完成、开发商已结束施工作业，董事会可以删除那些赋予开发商对公共区域的进入权和营销权的条款。但请阅读(d)款：这一项仍然需要会员依照第4070条以法定人数的过半数通过——门槛比修订声明书低，但并非没有门槛。在此之前，会员须先收到30天的个别通知。
§ 4235——过时的交叉引用。如果文件引用的《戴维斯-斯特林法》条文已被废止或重新编号，董事会可以更正引用并重述声明书。它修正的是指引，而不是所指向的内容。
为什么重新编号在本站不只是一条脚注
第4235条之所以存在，是因为本法在2014年重新编纂，此前起草的每一份文件引用的条文编号都已不复存在。每一次移动分项位置的修订，都会以较小的规模造成同样的情况——这就是为什么对第5105条的待生效修订把二十五个分项从(i)移到(j)之后，会留下一连串仍引用旧字母的管理文件。
协会是什么
民法典第4800条规定，共同利益开发项目（common interest development）应当由一个协会管理，该协会可以是法人，也可以是非法人；第4805条则赋予非法人协会与非营利互益法人相同的权力，除非管理文件另有规定。其实际后果贯穿本站：本法规定的义务，不取决于是否有人向加州州务卿（Secretary of State）提交了设立条款。非法人协会仍然必须遵守选举程序，并履行记录和通知方面的义务。
设立条款必须载明什么
民法典第4280条(a)规定：向州务卿提交的设立条款，除法人宗旨声明之外，还应包括一项声明，该声明须做到三点：表明该法人是依照《戴维斯-斯特林法》为管理共同利益开发项目而成立的协会；写明营业或法人办公地址，如果该办公地点不在社区内，则写明开发项目本身的临街街道和最近的交叉街道；如有管理代理人（managing agent），写明其姓名和地址。
(b)款要求法人协会依照《加州公司法典》第8210条每两年提交一次的申报中也载明同样的识别声明；(c)款则规定，2014年1月1日之前依照原第1363.5条提交的文件视为符合要求。这一条与第5405条规定的申报相辅相成，两者合起来，就是州政府得以知道哪些法人属于业主协会的途径。
民法典 § 4205 — 英文原文
Which Governing Document Prevails
Amended by Stats. 2013, Ch. 183, Sec. 11. (SB 745) Effective January 1, 2014.
条文以英文呈现，因为法律以英文颁布，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本页的说明为中文；如与条文有出入，以条文为准。
(a)To the extent of any conflict between the governing documents and the law, the law shall prevail.
(b)To the extent of any conflict between the articles of incorporation and the declaration, the declaration shall prevail.
(c)To the extent of any conflict between the bylaws and the articles of incorporation or declaration, the articles of incorporation or declaration shall prevail.
(d)To the extent of any conflict between the operating rules and the bylaws, articles of incorporation, or declaration, the bylaws, articles of incorporation, or declaration shall prevail.
逐字转载自加州立法顾问办公室（Legislative Counsel）公布的条文，并与第二个来源逐字核对（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律属于政府法令，不受版权保护。本页为非官方转载——官方版本由立法顾问办公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公布，以该版本为准。
机器可读：/data/4205.json——同一条文，附分项锚点、日期和来源。
民法典 § 4210 — 英文原文
Statement Recorded to Facilitate Assessment Collection
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.
条文以英文呈现，因为法律以英文颁布，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本页的说明为中文；如与条文有出入，以条文为准。
In order to facilitate the collection of regular assessments, special assessments, transfer fees as authorized by Sections 4530, 4575, and 4580, and similar charges, the board is authorized to record a statement or amended statement identifying relevant information for the association. This statement may include any or all of the following information:
(a)The name of the association as shown in the declaration or the current name of the association, if different.
(b)The name and address of a managing agent or treasurer of the association or other individual or entity authorized to receive assessments and fees imposed by the association.
(c)A daytime telephone number of the authorized party identified in subdivision (b) if a telephone number is available.
(d)A list of separate interests subject to assessment by the association, showing the assessor’s parcel number or legal description, or both, of the separate interests.
(e)The recording information identifying the declaration governing the association.
(f)If an amended statement is being recorded, the recording information identifying the prior statement or statements which the amendment is superseding.
来源不一致。 Text taken verbatim from the Legislative Counsel of California official code database and checked word for word against an independent publisher. The two sources disagree on one word: the official database reads “Sections 4530, 4575, and 4580” where california.public.law reads “Section”. The plural is what the Legislative Counsel publishes and is what the citation list requires. The same substitution appears at §§ 4210, 5310, 5350 and 5375 — in every case immediately before a list of two or more section numbers, and nowhere else, which is where the second source's own citation-linking rewrites the word.
逐字转载自加州立法顾问办公室（Legislative Counsel）公布的条文，并与第二个来源逐字核对（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律属于政府法令，不受版权保护。本页为非官方转载——官方版本由立法顾问办公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公布，以该版本为准。
机器可读：/data/4210.json——同一条文，附分项锚点、日期和来源。
民法典 § 4215 — 英文原文
Governing Documents Are Liberally Construed
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.
条文以英文呈现，因为法律以英文颁布，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本页的说明为中文；如与条文有出入，以条文为准。
Any deed, declaration, or condominium plan for a common interest development shall be liberally construed to facilitate the operation of the common interest development, and its provisions shall be presumed to be independent and severable. Nothing in Article 3 (commencing with Section 715) of Chapter 2 of Title 2 of Part 1 of Division 2 shall operate to invalidate any provisions of the governing documents.
逐字转载自加州立法顾问办公室（Legislative Counsel）公布的条文，并与第二个来源逐字核对（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律属于政府法令，不受版权保护。本页为非官方转载——官方版本由立法顾问办公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公布，以该版本为准。
机器可读：/data/4215.json——同一条文，附分项锚点、日期和来源。
民法典 § 4220 — 英文原文
Physical Boundaries Control When Interpreting a Condominium Plan
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.
条文以英文呈现，因为法律以英文颁布，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本页的说明为中文；如与条文有出入，以条文为准。
In interpreting deeds and condominium plans, the existing physical boundaries of a unit in a condominium project, when the boundaries of the unit are contained within a building, or of a unit reconstructed in substantial accordance with the original plans thereof, shall be conclusively presumed to be its boundaries rather than the metes and bounds expressed in the deed or condominium plan, if any exists, regardless of settling or lateral movement of the building and regardless of minor variance between boundaries shown on the plan or in the deed and those of the building.
逐字转载自加州立法顾问办公室（Legislative Counsel）公布的条文，并与第二个来源逐字核对（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律属于政府法令，不受版权保护。本页为非官方转载——官方版本由立法顾问办公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公布，以该版本为准。
机器可读：/data/4220.json——同一条文，附分项锚点、日期和来源。
民法典 § 4225 — 英文原文
The Board Must Delete an Unlawful Restrictive Covenant
Amended by Stats. 2022, Ch. 48, Sec. 7. (SB 189) Effective June 30, 2022.
条文以英文呈现，因为法律以英文颁布，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本页的说明为中文；如与条文有出入，以条文为准。
(a)No declaration or other governing document shall include a restrictive covenant in violation of Section 12955 of the Government Code.
(b)Notwithstanding any other provision of law or provision of the governing documents, the board, without approval of the members, shall amend any declaration or other governing document that includes a restrictive covenant prohibited by this section to delete the restrictive covenant, and shall restate the declaration or other governing document without the restrictive covenant but with no other change to the declaration or governing document.
(c)If the declaration is amended under this section, the board shall record the restated declaration in each county in which the common interest development is located. If the articles of incorporation are amended under this section, the board shall file a certificate of amendment with the Secretary of State pursuant to Section 7814 of the Corporations Code.
(d)If after providing written notice to an association, pursuant to Section 4035, requesting that the association delete a restrictive covenant that violates subdivision (a), and the association fails to delete the restrictive covenant within 30 days of receiving the notice, the Civil Rights Department, a city or county in which a common interest development is located, or any person may bring an action against the association for injunctive relief to enforce subdivision (a). The court may award attorney’s fees to the prevailing party.
本条的历史版本
通过比较加州立法顾问办公室每个立法会期发布一次的法典版本整理而成。最早的是2013至2014年版，其中《戴维斯-斯特林法》已采用现行编号，因此修改从其后的版本起记录。这不只是存档问题：民法典第5145条给予会员一年时间质疑选举，适用的是选举举行当日的现行条文，而不是今天的条文。
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SB 1892022-06-30起生效
Amended by Stats. 2022, Ch. 48, Sec. 7. (SB 189) Effective June 30, 2022.
1处分项修改
查看修改内容
- (d)… 30 days of receiving the notice, the
Department of Fair Employment and Housing, Civil Rights Department, a city or county in which a …
逐字转载自加州立法顾问办公室（Legislative Counsel）公布的条文，并与第二个来源逐字核对（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律属于政府法令，不受版权保护。本页为非官方转载——官方版本由立法顾问办公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公布，以该版本为准。
机器可读：/data/4225.json——同一条文，附分项锚点、日期和来源。
民法典 § 4230 — 英文原文
Deleting Developer Provisions After Construction Ends
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.
条文以英文呈现，因为法律以英文颁布，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本页的说明为中文；如与条文有出入，以条文为准。
(a)Notwithstanding any provision of the governing documents to the contrary, the board may, after the developer has completed construction of the development, has terminated construction activities, and has terminated marketing activities for the sale, lease, or other disposition of separate interests within the development, adopt an amendment deleting from any of the governing documents any provision which is unequivocally designed and intended, or which by its nature can only have been designed or intended, to facilitate the developer in completing the construction or marketing of the development. However, provisions of the governing documents relative to a particular construction or marketing phase of the development may not be deleted under the authorization of this subdivision until that construction or marketing phase has been completed.
(b)The provisions which may be deleted by action of the board shall be limited to those which provide for access by the developer over or across the common area for the purposes of (1) completion of construction of the development, and (2) the erection, construction, or maintenance of structures or other facilities designed to facilitate the completion of construction or marketing of separate interests.
(c)At least 30 days prior to taking action pursuant to subdivision (a), the board shall deliver to all members, by individual delivery, pursuant to Section 4040, (1) a copy of all amendments to the governing documents proposed to be adopted under subdivision (a), and (2) a notice of the time, date, and place the board will consider adoption of the amendments. The board may consider adoption of amendments to the governing documents pursuant to subdivision (a) only at a meeting that is open to all members, who shall be given opportunity to make comments thereon. All deliberations of the board on any action proposed under subdivision (a) shall only be conducted in an open meeting.
(d)The board may not amend the governing documents pursuant to this section without the approval of a majority of a quorum of the members, pursuant to Section 4070. For the purposes of this section, “quorum” means more than 50 percent of the members who own no more than two separate interests in the development.
逐字转载自加州立法顾问办公室（Legislative Counsel）公布的条文，并与第二个来源逐字核对（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律属于政府法令，不受版权保护。本页为非官方转载——官方版本由立法顾问办公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公布，以该版本为准。
机器可读：/data/4230.json——同一条文，附分项锚点、日期和来源。
民法典 § 4235 — 英文原文
Correcting Cross-References to Repealed Provisions
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.
条文以英文呈现，因为法律以英文颁布，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本页的说明为中文；如与条文有出入，以条文为准。
(a)Notwithstanding any other provision of law or provision of the governing documents, if the governing documents include a reference to a provision of the Davis-Stirling Common Interest Development Act that was repealed and continued in a new provision by the act that added this section, the board may amend the governing documents, solely to correct the cross-reference, by adopting a board resolution that shows the correction. Member approval is not required in order to adopt a resolution pursuant to this section.
(b)A declaration that is corrected under this section may be restated in corrected form and recorded, provided that a copy of the board resolution authorizing the corrections is recorded along with the restated declaration.
逐字转载自加州立法顾问办公室（Legislative Counsel）公布的条文，并与第二个来源逐字核对（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律属于政府法令，不受版权保护。本页为非官方转载——官方版本由立法顾问办公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公布，以该版本为准。
机器可读：/data/4235.json——同一条文，附分项锚点、日期和来源。
民法典 § 4280 — 英文原文
The Statement in the Articles of Incorporation
Amended by Stats. 2013, Ch. 605, Sec. 20. (SB 752) Effective January 1, 2014.
条文以英文呈现，因为法律以英文颁布，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本页的说明为中文；如与条文有出入，以条文为准。
(a)The articles of incorporation of an association filed with the Secretary of State shall include a statement, which shall be in addition to the statement of purposes of the corporation, that does all of the following:
(a)(1)Identifies the corporation as an association formed to manage a common interest development under the Davis-Stirling Common Interest Development Act.
(a)(2)States the business or corporate office of the association, if any, and, if the office is not on the site of the common interest development, states the front street and nearest cross street for the physical location of the common interest development.
(a)(3)States the name and address of the association’s managing agent, if any.
(b)The statement filed by an incorporated association with the Secretary of State pursuant to Section 8210 of the Corporations Code shall also contain a statement identifying the corporation as an association formed to manage a common interest development under the Davis-Stirling Common Interest Development Act.
(c)Documents filed prior to January 1, 2014, in compliance with former Section 1363.5, as it read on January 1, 2013, are deemed to be in compliance with this section.
逐字转载自加州立法顾问办公室（Legislative Counsel）公布的条文，并与第二个来源逐字核对（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律属于政府法令，不受版权保护。本页为非官方转载——官方版本由立法顾问办公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公布，以该版本为准。
机器可读：/data/4280.json——同一条文，附分项锚点、日期和来源。
民法典 § 4800 — 英文原文
A Common Interest Development Is Managed by an Association
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.
条文以英文呈现，因为法律以英文颁布，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本页的说明为中文；如与条文有出入，以条文为准。
A common interest development shall be managed by an association that may be incorporated or unincorporated. The association may be referred to as an owners’ association or a community association.
逐字转载自加州立法顾问办公室（Legislative Counsel）公布的条文，并与第二个来源逐字核对（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律属于政府法令，不受版权保护。本页为非官方转载——官方版本由立法顾问办公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公布，以该版本为准。
机器可读：/data/4800.json——同一条文，附分项锚点、日期和来源。
民法典 § 4805 — 英文原文
Powers of the Association, Incorporated or Not
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.
条文以英文呈现，因为法律以英文颁布，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本页的说明为中文；如与条文有出入，以条文为准。
(a)Unless the governing documents provide otherwise, and regardless of whether the association is incorporated or unincorporated, the association may exercise the powers granted to a nonprofit mutual benefit corporation, as enumerated in Section 7140 of the Corporations Code, except that an unincorporated association may not adopt or use a corporate seal or issue membership certificates in accordance with Section 7313 of the Corporations Code.
(b)The association, whether incorporated or unincorporated, may exercise the powers granted to an association in this act.
逐字转载自加州立法顾问办公室（Legislative Counsel）公布的条文，并与第二个来源逐字核对（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律属于政府法令，不受版权保护。本页为非官方转载——官方版本由立法顾问办公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公布，以该版本为准。
机器可读：/data/4805.json——同一条文，附分项锚点、日期和来源。
民法典 § 4820 — 英文原文
Members of a Consolidated Joint Neighborhood Association
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.
条文以英文呈现，因为法律以英文颁布，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本页的说明为中文；如与条文有出入，以条文为准。
Whenever two or more associations have consolidated any of their functions under a joint neighborhood association or similar organization, members of each participating association shall be (a) entitled to attend all meetings of the joint association other than executive sessions, (b) given reasonable opportunity for participation in those meetings, and (c) entitled to the same access to the joint association’s records as they are to the participating association’s records.
逐字转载自加州立法顾问办公室（Legislative Counsel）公布的条文，并与第二个来源逐字核对（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律属于政府法令，不受版权保护。本页为非官方转载——官方版本由立法顾问办公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公布，以该版本为准。
机器可读：/data/4820.json——同一条文，附分项锚点、日期和来源。