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加州 · 戴維斯-斯特林法

聲明書,以及修改它需要什麼。

聲明書(declaration)是共同利益開發項目(common interest development)中位階最高的管理文件。修訂聲明書須經會員表決——這意味著它和其他任何表決一樣,要依照選舉規則、採用無記名投票,並由獨立的選舉監察員主持。

節 民法典 §§ 4250–4276 · §§ 4285–4295 章 第3章,管理文件 · 第2節和第4節 條文 10 條文核實 2026-11-03

《加州民法典》第5100條(a)把管理文件的修訂列入必須依照選舉一節以無記名投票方式進行的表決事項。所以,聲明書的修訂不是一項包裝成表決的董事會決定:它需要選舉運營規則、選票、一名既非董事也非候選人的選舉監察員,以及一個可以核證的計票結果。

表決不等於修訂

這是讓業主協會(HOA)付出最大代價的錯誤。民法典第4270條(a)規定,修訂只有在三件事都完成後才生效,而不是一件:

  1. 經聲明書要求的會員百分比批准——以及聲明書要求須經其批准的其他任何人批准,這往往是貸款機構或開發商。
  2. 由聲明書指定的高級職員簽署並確認(acknowledged)的書面文件予以核證;聲明書未指定任何人的,由會長簽署並確認。
  3. 在開發項目任何部分所在的每一個縣登記備案。

在第三步完成之前,無論表決結果如何,聲明書的內容仍與以前相同。清點了選票、公佈了結果、然後把文件歸檔了事的協會,實際上什麼也沒有修訂。而如果開發項目跨越縣界,只在一個縣登記備案是不夠的。

如果聲明書沒有規定百分比,第4270條(b)提供了一個:依照第4065條,須經全體會員過半數批准——而不是參加投票者的過半數。

聲明書沒有規定自身修訂程序時

較早的聲明書有時根本沒有修訂條款。民法典第4260條對此作了直接回答:這樣的聲明書可以隨時修訂,除非其中明確規定不得修訂。沒有程序並不構成障礙;明確禁止才構成障礙。

會到期的聲明書

載有終止日期但沒有延期條款的聲明書,可以在到期前通過依照民法典第4270條進行的表決予以延期——§ 4265(b)。每次延期以初始期限或20年中較短者為上限,並且允許多次延期。

過去錯過這個日期就無法挽回。自2026年8月起,在一個縣裡情況不再如此:第4276條允許已經終止的聲明書經會員表決恢復效力,核證和登記備案的步驟相同。它只適用於洛杉磯縣,並且於2028年1月1日自動廢止——這是一個只在一個地方、為期約十六個月的窗口。

無法達到通過門檻時

修訂表決失敗,往往是因為投票人數不足,而不是因為支持不足。第4275條允許協會在表決未達門檻後,向高等法院(superior court)提出申請,降低其聲明書本身要求的百分比。它與第5115條中關於法定人數的規定相對應,而且它本身正在被修訂——見下文的待生效修訂。

聲明書必須載明的內容

民法典第4250條為1986年1月1日或之後登記備案的任何聲明書規定了最低要求:開發項目的法定地塊描述、說明該開發項目屬於哪一類、協會的名稱,以及擬隨土地轉移的使用限制。其他內容都是可選的。第4255條在地理位置需要時增加兩項告知——機場影響區,以及舊金山灣保護與發展委員會(San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission)的管轄範圍——並明確規定,這兩項告知都不構成產權瑕疵或產權負擔。

另一份登記備案的文書:共管公寓平面圖

聲明書並不是縣登記官保存的唯一文件。民法典第4285條規定,共管公寓平面圖(condominium plan)必須包含三項內容:項目的描述或測量圖,須提及或標示地面上的界樁;一份三維描述,其中一個或多個維度可以向上或向下無限延伸,其詳細程度須足以確定公共區域和每個獨立產權單位;以及一份依照第4290條的要求簽署並確認的同意登記備案證明書。

民法典第4290條列出了必須簽署該證明書的人:完全產權的登記所有人;在以定期地產權終止的項目中,其全部出租人和承租人;在終身地產權下,全部終身地產權人和剩餘地產權益人;以及每一份已登記備案的信託契據的受託人或受益人,和每一份已登記備案的抵押的抵押權人。(b)款免除了礦產權、地役權、通行權及其他非佔有性權益持有人的簽署義務。(c)款在依照《加州政府法典》第66452.10條批准的社區公寓項目或股份合作公寓轉換中,再次縮小了名單——只有批准該轉換的人需要簽署。

民法典第4295條:平面圖可以通過登記備案的文書予以修訂或撤銷,該文書須由修訂時依照第4290條須簽名的全部人員簽署並確認——而不是當初簽署的那些人。名單要按當時的產權狀況重新計算。

民法典 § 4250 — 英文原文

What a Declaration Must Contain
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.

條文以英文呈現,因為法律以英文頒佈,具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文;如與條文有出入,以條文為準。

(a)A declaration, recorded on or after January 1, 1986, shall contain a legal description of the common interest development, and a statement that the common interest development is a community apartment project, condominium project, planned development, stock cooperative, or combination thereof. The declaration shall additionally set forth the name of the association and the restrictions on the use or enjoyment of any portion of the common interest development that are intended to be enforceable equitable servitudes.
(b)The declaration may contain any other matters the declarant or the members consider appropriate.

逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室(Legislative Counsel)公佈的條文,並與第二個來源逐字核對(leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law))。加州法律屬於政府法令,不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈,以該版本為準。
機器可讀:/data/4250.json——同一條文,附分項錨點、日期和來源。

民法典 § 4255 — 英文原文

Airport and Bay Conservation Notices in the Declaration
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.

條文以英文呈現,因為法律以英文頒佈,具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文;如與條文有出入,以條文為準。

(a)If a common interest development is located within an airport influence area, a declaration, recorded after January 1, 2004, shall contain the following statement: “NOTICE OF AIRPORT IN VICINITY This property is presently located in the vicinity of an airport, within what is known as an airport influence area. For that reason, the property may be subject to some of the annoyances or inconveniences associated with proximity to airport operations (for example: noise, vibration, or odors). Individual sensitivities to those annoyances can vary from person to person. You may wish to consider what airport annoyances, if any, are associated with the property before you complete your purchase and determine whether they are acceptable to you.”
(b)For purposes of this section, an “airport influence area,” also known as an “airport referral area,” is the area in which current or future airport-related noise, overflight, safety, or airspace protection factors may significantly affect land uses or necessitate restrictions on those uses as determined by an airport land use commission.
(c)If a common interest development is within the San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission jurisdiction, as described in Section 66610 of the Government Code, a declaration recorded on or after January 1, 2006, shall contain the following notice: “NOTICE OF SAN FRANCISCO BAY CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION JURISDICTION This property is located within the jurisdiction of the San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission. Use and development of property within the commission’s jurisdiction may be subject to special regulations, restrictions, and permit requirements. You may wish to investigate and determine whether they are acceptable to you and your intended use of the property before you complete your transaction.”
(d)The statement in a declaration acknowledging that a property is located in an airport influence area or within the jurisdiction of the San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission does not constitute a title defect, lien, or encumbrance.

逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室(Legislative Counsel)公佈的條文,並與第二個來源逐字核對(leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law))。加州法律屬於政府法令,不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈,以該版本為準。
機器可讀:/data/4255.json——同一條文,附分項錨點、日期和來源。

民法典 § 4260 — 英文原文

A Declaration Silent on Amendment May Still Be Amended
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.

條文以英文呈現,因為法律以英文頒佈,具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文;如與條文有出入,以條文為準。

Except to the extent that a declaration provides by its express terms that it is not amendable, in whole or in part, a declaration that fails to include provisions permitting its amendment at all times during its existence may be amended at any time.

逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室(Legislative Counsel)公佈的條文,並與第二個來源逐字核對(leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law))。加州法律屬於政府法令,不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈,以該版本為準。
機器可讀:/data/4260.json——同一條文,附分項錨點、日期和來源。

民法典 § 4265 — 英文原文

Extending a Declaration That Has a Termination Date
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.

條文以英文呈現,因為法律以英文頒佈,具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文;如與條文有出入,以條文為準。

(a)The Legislature finds that there are common interest developments that have been created with deed restrictions that do not provide a means for the members to extend the term of the declaration. The Legislature further finds that covenants and restrictions contained in the declaration, are an appropriate method for protecting the common plan of developments and to provide for a mechanism for financial support for the upkeep of common area including, but not limited to, roofs, roads, heating systems, and recreational facilities. If declarations terminate prematurely, common interest developments may deteriorate and the housing supply of affordable units could be impacted adversely. The Legislature further finds and declares that it is in the public interest to provide a vehicle for extending the term of the declaration if the extension is approved by a majority of all members, pursuant to Section 4065.
(b)A declaration that specifies a termination date, but that contains no provision for extension of the termination date, may be extended, before its termination date, by the approval of members pursuant to Section 4270.
(c)No single extension of the terms of the declaration made pursuant to this section shall exceed the initial term of the declaration or 20 years, whichever is less. However, more than one extension may occur pursuant to this section.

逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室(Legislative Counsel)公佈的條文,並與第二個來源逐字核對(leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law))。加州法律屬於政府法令,不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈,以該版本為準。
機器可讀:/data/4265.json——同一條文,附分項錨點、日期和來源。

民法典 § 4270 — 英文原文

Amending the Declaration — Approval, Certification, Recording
Amended by Stats. 2016, Ch. 714, Sec. 6. (SB 944) Effective January 1, 2017.

條文以英文呈現,因為法律以英文頒佈,具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文;如與條文有出入,以條文為準。

(a)A declaration may be amended pursuant to the declaration or this act. Except where an alternative process for approving, certifying, or recording an amendment is provided in Section 4225, 4230, 4235, or 4275, an amendment is effective after all of the following requirements have been met:
(a)(1)The amendment has been approved by the percentage of members required by the declaration and any other person whose approval is required by the declaration.
(a)(2)That fact has been certified in a writing executed and acknowledged by the officer designated in the declaration or by the association for that purpose, or if no one is designated, by the president of the association.
(a)(3)The amendment has been recorded in each county in which a portion of the common interest development is located.
(b)If the declaration does not specify the percentage of members who must approve an amendment of the declaration, an amendment may be approved by a majority of all members, pursuant to Section 4065.

本條的歷史版本

通過比較加州立法顧問辦公室每個立法會期發佈一次的法典版本整理而成。最早的是2013至2014年版,其中《戴維斯-斯特林法》已採用現行編號,因此修改從其後的版本起記錄。這不只是存檔問題:民法典第5145條給予會員一年時間質疑選舉,適用的是選舉舉行當日的現行條文,而不是今天的條文。

  1. SB 9442017-01-01起生效

    Amended by Stats. 2016, Ch. 714, Sec. 6. (SB 944) Effective January 1, 2017.

    1處分項修改

    查看修改內容
    1. (a)A declaration may be amended pursuant to the declaration or this act. Except as where an alternative process for approving, certifying, or recording an amendment is provided in Section 4225, 4230, 4235, or 4275, an amendment is effective after all of the following requirements have been met:

逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室(Legislative Counsel)公佈的條文,並與第二個來源逐字核對(leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law))。加州法律屬於政府法令,不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈,以該版本為準。
機器可讀:/data/4270.json——同一條文,附分項錨點、日期和來源。

民法典 § 4275 — 英文原文

Petition to Reduce Percentage of Votes Required to Amend the Declaration
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.
由AB 2035修訂,2027年1月1日起生效

條文以英文呈現,因為法律以英文頒佈,具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文;如與條文有出入,以條文為準。

(a)If in order to amend a declaration, the declaration requires members having more than 50 percent of the votes in the association, in a single class voting structure, or members having more than 50 percent of the votes in more than one class in a voting structure with more than one class, to vote in favor of the amendment, the association, or any member, may petition the superior court of the county in which the common interest development is located for an order reducing the percentage of the affirmative votes necessary for such an amendment. The petition shall describe the effort that has been made to solicit approval of the association members in the manner provided in the declaration, the number of affirmative and negative votes actually received, the number or percentage of affirmative votes required to effect the amendment in accordance with the existing declaration, and other matters the petitioner considers relevant to the court’s determination. The petition shall also contain, as exhibits thereto, copies of all of the following:
(a)(1)The governing documents.
(a)(2)A complete text of the amendment.
(a)(3)Copies of any notice and solicitation materials utilized in the solicitation of member approvals.
(a)(4)A short explanation of the reason for the amendment.
(a)(5)Any other documentation relevant to the court’s determination.
(b)Upon filing the petition, the court shall set the matter for hearing and issue an ex parte order setting forth the manner in which notice shall be given.
(c)The court may, but shall not be required to, grant the petition if it finds all of the following:
(c)(1)The petitioner has given not less than 15 days written notice of the court hearing to all members of the association, to any mortgagee of a mortgage or beneficiary of a deed of trust who is entitled to notice under the terms of the declaration, and to the city, county, or city and county in which the common interest development is located that is entitled to notice under the terms of the declaration.
(c)(2)Balloting on the proposed amendment was conducted in accordance with the governing documents, this act, and any other applicable law.
(c)(3)A reasonably diligent effort was made to permit all eligible members to vote on the proposed amendment.
(c)(4)Members having more than 50 percent of the votes, in a single class voting structure, voted in favor of the amendment. In a voting structure with more than one class, where the declaration requires a majority of more than one class to vote in favor of the amendment, members having more than 50 percent of the votes of each class required by the declaration to vote in favor of the amendment voted in favor of the amendment.
(c)(5)The amendment is reasonable.
(c)(6)Granting the petition is not improper for any reason stated in subdivision (e).
(d)If the court makes the findings required by subdivision (c), any order issued pursuant to this section may confirm the amendment as being validly approved on the basis of the affirmative votes actually received during the balloting period or the order may dispense with any requirement relating to quorums or to the number or percentage of votes needed for approval of the amendment that would otherwise exist under the governing documents.
(e)Subdivisions (a) to (d), inclusive, notwithstanding, the court shall not be empowered by this section to approve any amendment to the declaration that:
(e)(1)Would change provisions in the declaration requiring the approval of members having more than 50 percent of the votes in more than one class to vote in favor of an amendment, unless members having more than 50 percent of the votes in each affected class approved the amendment.
(e)(2)Would eliminate any special rights, preferences, or privileges designated in the declaration as belonging to the declarant, without the consent of the declarant.
(e)(3)Would impair the security interest of a mortgagee of a mortgage or the beneficiary of a deed of trust without the approval of the percentage of the mortgagees and beneficiaries specified in the declaration, if the declaration requires the approval of a specified percentage of the mortgagees and beneficiaries.
(f)An amendment is not effective pursuant to this section until the court order and amendment have been recorded in every county in which a portion of the common interest development is located. The amendment may be acknowledged by, and the court order and amendment may be recorded by, any person designated in the declaration or by the association for that purpose, or if no one is designated for that purpose, by the president of the association. Upon recordation of the amendment and court order, the declaration, as amended in accordance with this section, shall have the same force and effect as if the amendment were adopted in compliance with every requirement imposed by the governing documents.
(g)Within a reasonable time after the amendment is recorded the association shall deliver to each member, by individual delivery, pursuant to Section 4040, a copy of the amendment, together with a statement that the amendment has been recorded.

逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室(Legislative Counsel)公佈的條文,並與第二個來源逐字核對(leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law))。加州法律屬於政府法令,不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈,以該版本為準。
機器可讀:/data/4275.json——同一條文,附分項錨點、日期和來源。

民法典 § 4276 — 英文原文

Reinstating a Terminated Declaration — Los Angeles County, to 2028
Added by Stats. 2026, Ch. 124, Sec. 1. (AB 2692) Effective August 24, 2026. Repealed as of January 1, 2028, by its own provisions.

條文以英文呈現,因為法律以英文頒佈,具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文;如與條文有出入,以條文為準。

(a)Notwithstanding any other law, a declaration that has terminated by operation of the provisions that set forth the initial term of the declaration may be reinstated pursuant to this section if approved by the percentage of members required by the declaration for extending the term of the declaration. If the declaration does not specify the percentage of members who must approve the extension of the declaration, a declaration may be reinstated pursuant to this section if approved by a majority of all members.
(b)Balloting on reinstatement shall be conducted in accordance with the governing documents, this act, and any other applicable law. A reasonably diligent effort shall be made to permit all eligible members to vote.
(c)The reinstatement of the declaration is effective after all of the following requirements have been met:
(c)(1)The reinstatement of the declaration has been approved by the percentage of members specified in subdivision (a).
(c)(2)Approval by the members has been certified in a writing executed and acknowledged by the officer designated in the declaration by the association for that purpose or, if no one is designated, by the president of the association.
(c)(3)The declaration has been recorded in the county recorder’s office.
(d)The extension of the terms of the declaration made pursuant to this section shall be equal to the number of years of the initial term of the declaration or 20 years, whichever is less.
(e)Within a reasonable time after the reinstated declaration is recorded, the association shall deliver to each member, by individual delivery, pursuant to Section 4040, a copy of the reinstated declaration, together with a statement that the reinstated declaration has been recorded.
(f)This section shall be applicable only to the County of Los Angeles.
(g)This section shall remain in effect only until January 1, 2028, and as of that date is repealed.

本條的歷史版本

通過比較加州立法顧問辦公室每個立法會期發佈一次的法典版本整理而成。最早的是2013至2014年版,其中《戴維斯-斯特林法》已採用現行編號,因此修改從其後的版本起記錄。這不只是存檔問題:民法典第5145條給予會員一年時間質疑選舉,適用的是選舉舉行當日的現行條文,而不是今天的條文。

  1. AB 26922026-08-24起生效

    Added by Stats. 2026, Ch. 124, Sec. 1. (AB 2692) Effective August 24, 2026. Repealed as of January 1, 2028, by its own provisions.

    由該法案增訂入法典。

逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室(Legislative Counsel)公佈的條文,並與第二個來源逐字核對(leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law))。加州法律屬於政府法令,不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈,以該版本為準。
機器可讀:/data/4276.json——同一條文,附分項錨點、日期和來源。

民法典 § 4285 — 英文原文

What a Condominium Plan Must Contain
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.

條文以英文呈現,因為法律以英文頒佈,具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文;如與條文有出入,以條文為準。

A condominium plan shall contain all of the following:
(a)A description or survey map of a condominium project, which shall refer to or show monumentation on the ground.
(b)A three-dimensional description of a condominium project, one or more dimensions of which may extend for an indefinite distance upwards or downwards, in sufficient detail to identify the common area and each separate interest.
(c)A certificate consenting to the recordation of the condominium plan pursuant to this act that is signed and acknowledged as provided in Section 4290.

逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室(Legislative Counsel)公佈的條文,並與第二個來源逐字核對(leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law))。加州法律屬於政府法令,不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈,以該版本為準。
機器可讀:/data/4285.json——同一條文,附分項錨點、日期和來源。

民法典 § 4290 — 英文原文

Who Must Sign the Certificate of Consent
Amended by Stats. 2013, Ch. 183, Sec. 12. (SB 745) Effective January 1, 2014.

條文以英文呈現,因為法律以英文頒佈,具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文;如與條文有出入,以條文為準。

(a)The certificate consenting to the recordation of a condominium plan that is required by subdivision (c) of Section 4285 shall be signed and acknowledged by all of the following persons:
(a)(1)The record owner of fee title to that property included in the condominium project.
(a)(2)In the case of a condominium project that will terminate upon the termination of an estate for years, by all lessors and lessees of the estate for years.
(a)(3)In the case of a condominium project subject to a life estate, by all life tenants and remainder interests.
(a)(4)The trustee or the beneficiary of each recorded deed of trust, and the mortgagee of each recorded mortgage encumbering the property.
(b)Owners of mineral rights, easements, rights-of-way, and other nonpossessory interests do not need to sign the certificate.
(c)In the event a conversion to condominiums of a community apartment project or stock cooperative has been approved by the required number of owners, trustees, beneficiaries, and mortgagees pursuant to Section 66452.10 of the Government Code, the certificate need only be signed by those owners, trustees, beneficiaries, and mortgagees approving the conversion.

逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室(Legislative Counsel)公佈的條文,並與第二個來源逐字核對(leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law))。加州法律屬於政府法令,不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈,以該版本為準。
機器可讀:/data/4290.json——同一條文,附分項錨點、日期和來源。

民法典 § 4295 — 英文原文

Amending or Revoking a Condominium Plan
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.

條文以英文呈現,因為法律以英文頒佈,具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文;如與條文有出入,以條文為準。

A condominium plan may be amended or revoked by a recorded instrument that is acknowledged and signed by all the persons who, at the time of amendment or revocation, are persons whose signatures are required under Section 4290.

逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室(Legislative Counsel)公佈的條文,並與第二個來源逐字核對(leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law))。加州法律屬於政府法令,不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈,以該版本為準。
機器可讀:/data/4295.json——同一條文,附分項錨點、日期和來源。

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