加州 · 戴維斯-斯特林法
您可以在門上、窗戶裡和草坪上放什麼。
其中三條保護展示，一條保護出售標牌。這四條的範圍都比乍看之下窄，因為每一條都對其保護的對象作了定義——而這些定義把裝飾性的做法排除在外。
條文 民法典 §§ 4705, 4706, 4710, 4730
章 第5章，財產使用與維護
收錄條文 6
條文核實 2026-11-03
美國國旗
§ 4705(a)：除為保護公共健康或安全所必需的情形外，任何管理文件都不得限制或禁止——也不得被解釋為限制或禁止——會員在其獨立產權單位之上或之內，或在其專用公共區域內展示美國國旗。
§ 4705(b)接著界定了此處所說的旗幟：以織物、布料或紙張製成，懸掛在旗杆上或展示在窗戶中。
它明確不包括以燈光、油漆、屋頂材料、外牆板、鋪路材料、植物或氣球製成的圖案或標誌，也不包括任何類似的建築、景觀綠化或裝飾構件。
漆在車庫門上的國旗不是受保護的旗幟；掛在旗杆上的布制國旗才是。
§ 4705(c)判給勝訴方合理的律師費和訴訟費用——雙向適用，與§ 5975(c)相同。
入戶門上的宗教物品
§ 4706(a)由SB 652增訂，自2020年1月1日起生效：任何管理文件都不得限制或禁止在會員獨立產權單位的入戶門或門框上展示一件或多件宗教物品。
該款唯一的限定，是援引《加州民法典》第1940.5條，即關於房東與租戶的規定。
§ 4706(b)處理實際操作中的衝突。業主協會（HOA）在維護、維修或更換門或門框時，可以要求會員在施工期間取下該物品——施工結束後可以重新放回。
協會必須就臨時移除發出個別通知。這不是規則變更，也不是長期限制：只是一份通知，物品隨後放回。
非商業標牌、海報、旗幟和橫幅
§ 4710(a)是範圍最廣的一條。管理文件不得禁止在會員的獨立產權單位之上或之內張貼或展示非商業標牌、海報、旗幟或橫幅——除非為保護公共健康或安全所必需，或該展示會違反地方、州或聯邦法律。
§ 4710(b)同時規定了材料和位置：紙張、紙板、布料、塑料或織物；展示於庭院、窗戶、門、陽臺或外牆。
與國旗條文相同的排除清單在此適用，並增加了一項：不包括在建築表面上塗漆。
協會可以執行的兩個數字
§ 4710(c)允許禁止大於九平方英尺的非商業標牌和海報，以及大於15平方英尺的非商業旗幟或橫幅。
這是該條允許的僅有的兩項尺寸限制，而且它們只劃定了協會可以禁止的範圍——並不允許協會規定更小的尺寸限制。
還有表示房屋出售的標牌
§ 4730(a)：管理文件中任何任意或不合理地限制業主推廣出售其產權之能力的規定均屬無效。§ 4730(c)對出售推廣作了寬泛的定義——包括掛牌、刊登廣告，以及取得或提供帶人看房的機會。
§ 4730(b)接著明確禁止兩種具體安排：
- 與出售推廣有關、超出協會實際或直接成本的費用或會費。該條將此類收費視為違反§ 5600(b)的限制，而後者是禁止收費超過開支所需的一般規則。
- 與某一房地產經紀人建立排他性關係，規定開發項目內的出售必須經由該經紀人進行。對於協會自己擁有的產權，或協會出售的公共區域，協會仍可使用某一經紀人。
§ 4730(d)把房地產標牌排除在外，改由民法典第712條和第713條規範——§ 4700所指向的外部規定中，就有這兩條。
出售標牌：本法不規範的部分
第4730條(d)把房地產標牌交給了兩條更早的條文，而這兩條值得重視，因為它們比《戴維斯-斯特林法》中的任何規定都更有力。
§ 712(a)規定：不動產所有權（fee interest）讓與文書或購房貸款擔保文書中的條款，凡意圖禁止或限制業主展示尺寸和設計合理、宣傳房產出售、出租或交換之標牌的權利，均屬無效。
(b)款在憲法允許的最大範圍內，使其既有溯及力，也適用於將來——因此約定條款訂立得早，並不能作為理由。
(c)款則提供了安全港：符合依照第713條通過的條例的標牌，應視為尺寸和設計合理。
§ 713(a)規定了標牌可以寫什麼，無論任何條例如何規定：房產由業主或其代理人出售、出租或交換，前往房產的路線，業主或代理人的姓名，以及其地址和電話號碼。
標牌可以展示在業主自己的房產上，經同意後也可以展示在他人擁有的房產上，前提是位置合理、公眾可見、尺寸和設計合理，且經市或縣認定不會對公共安全造成不利影響。(b)款規定，個人或地方政府機構對私人或公共通行區域上的標牌可能享有的任何權力，均不受本條限制——指的是路邊綠化帶，而不是草坪。
民法典 § 712 — 英文原文
Covenants Restricting a For-Sale Sign Are Void
Amended by Stats. 1993, Ch. 589, Sec. 20. Effective January 1, 1994.
條文以英文呈現，因為法律以英文頒佈，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文；如與條文有出入，以條文為準。
(a)Every provision contained in or otherwise affecting a grant of a fee interest in, or purchase money security instrument upon, real property in this state heretofore or hereafter made, which purports to prohibit or restrict the right of the property owner or his or her agent to display or have displayed on the real property, or on real property owned by others with their consent, or both, signs which are reasonably located, in plain view of the public, are of reasonable dimensions and design, and do not adversely affect public safety, including traffic safety, and which advertise the property for sale, lease, or exchange, or advertise directions to the property, by the property owner or his or her agent is void as an unreasonable restraint upon the power of alienation.
(b)This section shall operate retrospectively, as well as prospectively, to the full extent that it may constitutionally operate retrospectively.
(c)A sign that conforms to the ordinance adopted in conformity with Section 713 shall be deemed to be of reasonable dimension and design pursuant to this section.
逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室（Legislative Counsel）公佈的條文，並與第二個來源逐字核對（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律屬於政府法令，不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈，以該版本為準。
機器可讀：/data/712.json——同一條文，附分項錨點、日期和來源。
民法典 § 713 — 英文原文
The Sign an Owner or Agent May Display
Amended by Stats. 1992, Ch. 773, Sec. 3. Effective January 1, 1993.
條文以英文呈現，因為法律以英文頒佈，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文；如與條文有出入，以條文為準。
(a)Notwithstanding any provision of any ordinance, an owner of real property or his or her agent may display or have displayed on the owner’s real property, and on real property owned by others with their consent, signs which are reasonably located, in plain view of the public, are of reasonable dimensions and design, and do not adversely affect public safety, including traffic safety, as determined by the city, county, or city and county, advertising the following:
(a)(1)That the property is for sale, lease, or exchange by the owner or his or her agent.
(a)(2)Directions to the property.
(a)(3)The owner’s or agent’s name.
(a)(4)The owner’s or agent’s address and telephone number.
(b)Nothing in this section limits any authority which a person or local governmental entity may have to limit or regulate the display or placement of a sign on a private or public right-of-way.
逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室（Legislative Counsel）公佈的條文，並與第二個來源逐字核對（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律屬於政府法令，不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈，以該版本為準。
機器可讀：/data/713.json——同一條文，附分項錨點、日期和來源。
民法典 § 4705 — 英文原文
Display of the Flag of the United States
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.
條文以英文呈現，因為法律以英文頒佈，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文；如與條文有出入，以條文為準。
(a)Except as required for the protection of the public health or safety, no governing document shall limit or prohibit, or be construed to limit or prohibit, the display of the flag of the United States by a member on or in the member’s separate interest or within the member’s exclusive use common area.
(b)For purposes of this section, “display of the flag of the United States” means a flag of the United States made of fabric, cloth, or paper displayed from a staff or pole or in a window, and does not mean a depiction or emblem of the flag of the United States made of lights, paint, roofing, siding, paving materials, flora, or balloons, or any other similar building, landscaping, or decorative component.
(c)In any action to enforce this section, the prevailing party shall be awarded reasonable attorney’s fees and costs.
逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室（Legislative Counsel）公佈的條文，並與第二個來源逐字核對（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律屬於政府法令，不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈，以該版本為準。
機器可讀：/data/4705.json——同一條文，附分項錨點、日期和來源。
民法典 § 4706 — 英文原文
Display of Religious Items on an Entry Door or Frame
Added by Stats. 2019, Ch. 154, Sec. 2. (SB 652) Effective January 1, 2020.
條文以英文呈現，因為法律以英文頒佈，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文；如與條文有出入，以條文為準。
(a)Except as restricted in Section 1940.5, no governing document shall limit or prohibit the display of one or more religious items on the entry door or entry door frame of the member’s separate interest.
(b)If an association is performing maintenance, repair, or replacement of an entry door or door frame that serves a member’s separate interest, the member may be required to remove a religious item during the time the work is being performed. After completion of the association’s work, the member may again display or affix the religious item. The association shall provide individual notice to the member regarding the temporary removal of the religious item.
逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室（Legislative Counsel）公佈的條文，並與第二個來源逐字核對（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律屬於政府法令，不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈，以該版本為準。
機器可讀：/data/4706.json——同一條文，附分項錨點、日期和來源。
民法典 § 4710 — 英文原文
Noncommercial Signs, Posters, Flags and Banners
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.
條文以英文呈現，因為法律以英文頒佈，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文；如與條文有出入，以條文為準。
(a)The governing documents may not prohibit posting or displaying of noncommercial signs, posters, flags, or banners on or in a member’s separate interest, except as required for the protection of public health or safety or if the posting or display would violate a local, state, or federal law.
(b)For purposes of this section, a noncommercial sign, poster, flag, or banner may be made of paper, cardboard, cloth, plastic, or fabric, and may be posted or displayed from the yard, window, door, balcony, or outside wall of the separate interest, but may not be made of lights, roofing, siding, paving materials, flora, or balloons, or any other similar building, landscaping, or decorative component, or include the painting of architectural surfaces.
(c)An association may prohibit noncommercial signs and posters that are more than nine square feet in size and noncommercial flags or banners that are more than 15 square feet in size.
逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室（Legislative Counsel）公佈的條文，並與第二個來源逐字核對（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律屬於政府法令，不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈，以該版本為準。
機器可讀：/data/4710.json——同一條文，附分項錨點、日期和來源。
民法典 § 4730 — 英文原文
Restrictions on Marketing a Separate Interest
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.
條文以英文呈現，因為法律以英文頒佈，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文；如與條文有出入，以條文為準。
(a)Any provision of a governing document that arbitrarily or unreasonably restricts an owner’s ability to market the owner’s interest in a common interest development is void.
(b)No association may adopt, enforce, or otherwise impose any governing document that does either of the following:
(b)(1)Imposes an assessment or fee in connection with the marketing of an owner’s interest in an amount that exceeds the association’s actual or direct costs. That assessment or fee shall be deemed to violate the limitation set forth in subdivision (b) of Section 5600.
(b)(2)Establishes an exclusive relationship with a real estate broker through which the sale or marketing of interests in the development is required to occur. The limitation set forth in this paragraph does not apply to the sale or marketing of separate interests owned by the association or to the sale or marketing of common area by the association.
(c)For purposes of this section, “market” and “marketing” mean listing, advertising, or obtaining or providing access to show the owner’s interest in the development.
(d)This section does not apply to rules or regulations made pursuant to Section 712 or 713 regarding real estate signs.
逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室（Legislative Counsel）公佈的條文，並與第二個來源逐字核對（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律屬於政府法令，不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈，以該版本為準。
機器可讀：/data/4730.json——同一條文，附分項錨點、日期和來源。