加州 · 戴維斯-斯特林法

唯一不能電子化的選舉。

董事會可以自行將常規會費上調20%，並徵收不超過預算支出5%的特別會費。超過這些限度，就需要會員表決——一次以紙本進行的無記名投票選舉，法定人數須過半數。

節民法典 §§ 5600–5625 章第8章，會費 · 第1節條文 6 條文核實 2026-11-03

兩句話裡的下限和上限

§ 5600(a)把徵收會費規定為一項義務：業主協會（HOA）必須徵收足以履行其義務的常規會費和特別會費。(b)款從另一邊加以限制：協會徵收或收取的會費或費用，不得超過支付其所針對之費用所需的金額。資金不足的協會和多收費用的協會，違反的是同一條。

20%、5%，以及超過之後

§ 5605(b)規定了董事會自身的權限，即使管理文件中有更嚴格的限制。未經會員表決，董事會不得：

徵收比上一財政年度高出20%以上的常規會費；或
徵收特別會費，使其合計超過協會該財政年度預算總支出的5%。

而(a)款還附加了一項大多數董事會從不核查的條件：除非董事會在該財政年度遵守了年度預算報告十二項內容中的七項——即《加州民法典》第5300條(b)的第(1)、(2)、(4)、(5)、(6)、(7)和(8)項——否則根本不得實施常規會費的年度上調。錯過了年度預算報告，就失去了上調的資格。

三條法律在這裡交匯，共同決定了整件事

這是一次選舉。§ 5100(a)(1)：關於依法須經表決的會費的選舉，必須依照選舉一節以無記名投票方式進行——所以需要選舉運營規則和一名獨立的選舉監察員。

不能以電子方式進行。§ 5105(i)允許使用電子無記名選票，但第8章所規定的關於常規會費或特別會費的選舉除外——也就是本章。協會的其他所有表決都可以改為線上進行；唯獨這一次仍須使用紙本。

而且法定人數更高。§ 5605(d)(3)為本條的目的，將法定人數定義為超過50%的會員。這不是第5115條允許重新召集的董事選舉退而採用的20%。必須有過半數的全體會員交回紙本選票，否則上調不能通過。

例外情形

§ 5610在緊急情況下取消上述上限，並對緊急情況作了嚴格定義：法院命令的特殊支出；在物業上發現人身健康或安全威脅或其他危險狀況時，運營、維修或維護開發項目所必需的支出；或編制預算時無法合理預見的維修或維護支出——最後一種需要董事會作出載有書面認定的決議，並隨會費徵收通知一併分發給會員。

§ 5605(c)的方向正好相反，而且是新增的。AB 572對向可負擔住房單元收取的會費上調設定了生活費用上限——但只適用於在2025年1月1日或之後登記備案原始聲明書的協會；而且契據限定的可負擔單元超過規定比例的，或開發項目只有20個單元或以下的，不適用。

通知，以及會費的兩條界限

§ 5615：任何上調都須在應繳日期之前不少於30天、不超過60天發出個別通知。這又是一個時間窗口，而不是截止日期——提前90天發出的通知不符合規定。

§ 5620規定常規會費免受協會的判決債權人強制執行，但僅以協會支付水電、保險等基本服務費用所必需的範圍為限；依照第4070條經達到法定人數的會員過半數批准的自願質押、留置權或產權負擔，州稅留置權，以及因向公共區域提供勞務或材料而產生的留置權，均不適用這一豁免。而§ 5625禁止按獨立產權單位的應稅價值徵收會費——除非協會在2009年12月31日或之前已依照其管理文件這樣做。這是一條凍結在某個日期上的規則，所以讀起來有些奇怪。

民法典 § 5600 — 英文原文

The Duty to Levy, and the Ceiling on What May Be Levied
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.

條文以英文呈現，因為法律以英文頒佈，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文；如與條文有出入，以條文為準。

(a)Except as provided in Section 5605, the association shall levy regular and special assessments sufficient to perform its obligations under the governing documents and this act.

(b)An association shall not impose or collect an assessment or fee that exceeds the amount necessary to defray the costs for which it is levied.

逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室（Legislative Counsel）公佈的條文，並與第二個來源逐字核對（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律屬於政府法令，不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈，以該版本為準。
機器可讀：/data/5600.json——同一條文，附分項錨點、日期和來源。

民法典 § 5605 — 英文原文

The 20 Percent and 5 Percent Caps, and the Vote to Exceed Them
Amended by Stats. 2023, Ch. 745, Sec. 1. (AB 572) Effective January 1, 2024.

條文以英文呈現，因為法律以英文頒佈，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文；如與條文有出入，以條文為準。

(a)Annual increases in regular assessments for any fiscal year shall not be imposed unless the board has complied with paragraphs (1), (2), (4), (5), (6), (7), and (8) of subdivision (b) of Section 5300 with respect to that fiscal year, or has obtained the approval of a majority of a quorum of members, pursuant to Section 4070, at a member meeting or election.

(b)Notwithstanding more restrictive limitations placed on the board by the governing documents, the board may not impose a regular assessment that is more than 20 percent greater than the regular assessment for the association’s preceding fiscal year or impose special assessments which in the aggregate exceed 5 percent of the budgeted gross expenses of the association for that fiscal year without the approval of a majority of a quorum of members, pursuant to Section 4070, at a member meeting or election.

(c)(1)(A)For an association that records its original declaration on or after January 1, 2025, notwithstanding more restrictive limitations placed on the board by the governing documents, except as provided in paragraph (3), the board shall not impose a regular assessment against an owner of a deed-restricted affordable housing unit that is more than 5 percent plus the percentage change in the cost of living, not to exceed 10 percent greater than the preceding regular assessment.

(c)(1)(B)For purposes of this paragraph, “percentage change in the cost of living” means the percentage change from April 1 of the prior year to April 1 of the current year in the regional Consumer Price Index for the region where the residential real property is located, as published by the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. If a regional index is not available, the California Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers for all items, as determined by the Department of Industrial Relations, shall apply.

(c)(2)For an association that records its original declaration on or after January 1, 2025, notwithstanding any other law, except as provided in paragraph (3), the board may impose an assessment against an owner of a deed-restricted affordable housing unit that is lower than the assessment imposed against other owners according to the proportional ownership of total subdivision interests subject to assessments.

(c)(3)This subdivision does not apply to any of the following:

(c)(3)(A)A development where the percentage of the units, exclusive of a manager’s unit or units, that are deed-restricted affordable housing units exceeds the percentage required by an applicable zoning ordinance in effect at the time the development received final approval.

(c)(3)(B)A development that is located within a city, county, or city and county that does not have an applicable zoning ordinance requiring a percentage of deed-restricted affordable housing units and meet either of the following conditions:

(c)(3)(B)(i)The percentage of the units, exclusive of a manager’s unit or units, that are deed-restricted affordable housing exceeds 10 percent of the total number of units in the development at the time the development received final approval.

(c)(3)(B)(ii)If the development met the requirements described in subparagraph (B) of paragraph (1) of subdivision (b) of Section 65912.122 of the Government Code and was approved pursuant to Section 65912.124 of the Government Code, the percentage of the units, exclusive of a manager’s unit or units, that are deed-restricted affordable housing exceeds 15 percent of the total number of units in the development at the time the development received final approval.

(c)(3)(C)A development of 20 units or fewer.

(d)For the purposes of this section, all of the following definitions apply:

(d)(1)“Affordable housing unit” means a unit occupied by, or available at affordable housing cost to, lower income and moderate-income households, as defined by Sections 50079.5 and 50052.5, respectively, of the Health and Safety Code.

(d)(2)“Final approval” has the same meaning as defined in clause (ii) of subparagraph (D) of paragraph (2) of subdivision (o) of Section 65589.5 of the Government Code.

(d)(3)“Quorum” means more than 50 percent of the members.

來源不一致。 Text taken verbatim from the Legislative Counsel of California official code database and checked word for word against an independent publisher. The two sources disagree on one word: the official database reads “as defined by Sections 50079.5 and 50052.5” where california.public.law reads “Section”. The plural is what the Legislative Counsel publishes and is what two citations require. The same substitution appears at §§ 4210, 5310, 5350 and 5375 — in every case immediately before a list of two or more section numbers and nowhere else, which is where the second source's own citation-linking rewrites the word.

本條的歷史版本

通過比較加州立法顧問辦公室每個立法會期發佈一次的法典版本整理而成。最早的是2013至2014年版，其中《戴維斯-斯特林法》已採用現行編號，因此修改從其後的版本起記錄。這不只是存檔問題：民法典第5145條給予會員一年時間質疑選舉，適用的是選舉舉行當日的現行條文，而不是今天的條文。

AB 5722024-01-01起生效

Amended by Stats. 2023, Ch. 745, Sec. 1. (AB 572) Effective January 1, 2024.

14處分項修改
查看修改內容
1. (c)~~For the purposes of this section, “quorum” means more than 50 percent of the members.~~
2. (c)(1)(A)For an association that records its original declaration on or after January 1, 2025, notwithstanding more restrictive limitations placed on the board by the governing documents, except as provided in paragraph (3), the board shall not impose a regular assessment against an owner of a deed-restricted affordable housing unit that is more than 5 percent plus the percentage change in the cost of living, not to exceed 10 percent greater …
3. (c)(1)(B)For purposes of this paragraph, “percentage change in the cost of living” means the percentage change from April 1 of the prior year to April 1 of the current year in the regional Consumer Price Index for the region where the residential real property is located, as published by the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. If a regional index is not available, the California Consumer Price Index for All …
4. (c)(2)For an association that records its original declaration on or after January 1, 2025, notwithstanding any other law, except as provided in paragraph (3), the board may impose an assessment against an owner of a deed-restricted affordable housing unit that is lower than the assessment imposed against other owners according to the proportional ownership of total subdivision interests subject to assessments.
5. (c)(3)This subdivision does not apply to any of the following:
6. (c)(3)(A)A development where the percentage of the units, exclusive of a manager’s unit or units, that are deed-restricted affordable housing units exceeds the percentage required by an applicable zoning ordinance in effect at the time the development received final approval.
7. (c)(3)(B)A development that is located within a city, county, or city and county that does not have an applicable zoning ordinance requiring a percentage of deed-restricted affordable housing units and meet either of the following conditions:
8. (c)(3)(B)(i)The percentage of the units, exclusive of a manager’s unit or units, that are deed-restricted affordable housing exceeds 10 percent of the total number of units in the development at the time the development received final approval.
9. (c)(3)(B)(ii)If the development met the requirements described in subparagraph (B) of paragraph (1) of subdivision (b) of Section 65912.122 of the Government Code and was approved pursuant to Section 65912.124 of the Government Code, the percentage of the units, exclusive of a manager’s unit or units, that are deed-restricted affordable housing exceeds 15 percent of the total number of units in the development at the time the development received final …
10. (c)(3)(C)A development of 20 units or fewer.
11. (d)For the purposes of this section, all of the following definitions apply:
12. (d)(1)“Affordable housing unit” means a unit occupied by, or available at affordable housing cost to, lower income and moderate-income households, as defined by Sections 50079.5 and 50052.5, respectively, of the Health and Safety Code.
13. (d)(2)“Final approval” has the same meaning as defined in clause (ii) of subparagraph (D) of paragraph (2) of subdivision (o) of Section 65589.5 of the Government Code.
14. (d)(3)“Quorum” means more than 50 percent of the members.

逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室（Legislative Counsel）公佈的條文，並與第二個來源逐字核對（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律屬於政府法令，不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈，以該版本為準。
機器可讀：/data/5605.json——同一條文，附分項錨點、日期和來源。

民法典 § 5610 — 英文原文

Emergency Increases Outside the Caps
Amended by Stats. 2024, Ch. 288, Sec. 3. (SB 900) Effective January 1, 2025.

條文以英文呈現，因為法律以英文頒佈，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文；如與條文有出入，以條文為準。

Section 5605 does not limit assessment increases necessary for emergency situations. For purposes of this section, an emergency situation is any one of the following:

(a)An extraordinary expense required by an order of a court.

(b)An extraordinary expense necessary to operate, repair, or maintain the common interest development or any part of it for which the association is responsible where a threat to personal health or safety or another hazardous condition or circumstance on the property is discovered.

(c)An extraordinary expense necessary to repair or maintain the common interest development or any part of it for which the association is responsible that could not have been reasonably foreseen by the board in preparing and distributing the annual budget report under Section 5300. However, before the imposition or collection of an assessment under this subdivision, the board shall pass a resolution containing written findings as to the necessity of the extraordinary expense involved and why the expense was not or could not have been reasonably foreseen in the budgeting process, and the resolution shall be distributed to the members with the notice of assessment.

本條的歷史版本

SB 9002025-01-01起生效

Amended by Stats. 2024, Ch. 288, Sec. 3. (SB 900) Effective January 1, 2025.

2處分項修改
查看修改內容
1. (b)An extraordinary expense necessary to ~~repair~~ operate, repair, or maintain the common interest development or … is responsible where a threat to personal health or safety or another hazardous condition or circumstance on the property is discovered.
2. (c)… annual budget report under Section 5300. However, ~~prior to~~ before the imposition or collection of an assessment …

逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室（Legislative Counsel）公佈的條文，並與第二個來源逐字核對（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律屬於政府法令，不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈，以該版本為準。
機器可讀：/data/5610.json——同一條文，附分項錨點、日期和來源。

民法典 § 5615 — 英文原文

Notice of an Increase — 30 to 60 Days Before It Is Due
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.

條文以英文呈現，因為法律以英文頒佈，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文；如與條文有出入，以條文為準。

The association shall provide individual notice pursuant to Section 4040 to the members of any increase in the regular or special assessments of the association, not less than 30 nor more than 60 days prior to the increased assessment becoming due.

逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室（Legislative Counsel）公佈的條文，並與第二個來源逐字核對（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律屬於政府法令，不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈，以該版本為準。
機器可讀：/data/5615.json——同一條文，附分項錨點、日期和來源。

民法典 § 5620 — 英文原文

Regular Assessments Are Exempt From Execution
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.

條文以英文呈現，因為法律以英文頒佈，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文；如與條文有出入，以條文為準。

(a)Regular assessments imposed or collected to perform the obligations of an association under the governing documents or this act shall be exempt from execution by a judgment creditor of the association only to the extent necessary for the association to perform essential services, such as paying for utilities and insurance. In determining the appropriateness of an exemption, a court shall ensure that only essential services are protected under this subdivision.

(b)This exemption shall not apply to any consensual pledges, liens, or encumbrances that have been approved by a majority of a quorum of members, pursuant to Section 4070, at a member meeting or election, or to any state tax lien, or to any lien for labor or materials supplied to the common area.

逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室（Legislative Counsel）公佈的條文，並與第二個來源逐字核對（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律屬於政府法令，不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈，以該版本為準。
機器可讀：/data/5620.json——同一條文，附分項錨點、日期和來源。

民法典 § 5625 — 英文原文

No Assessment on the Taxable Value of a Separate Interest
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.

條文以英文呈現，因為法律以英文頒佈，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文；如與條文有出入，以條文為準。

(a)Except as provided in subdivision (b), notwithstanding any provision of this act or the governing documents to the contrary, an association shall not levy assessments on separate interests within the common interest development based on the taxable value of the separate interests unless the association, on or before December 31, 2009, in accordance with its governing documents, levied assessments on those separate interests based on their taxable value, as determined by the tax assessor of the county in which the separate interests are located.

(b)An association that is responsible for paying taxes on the separate interests within the common interest development may levy that portion of assessments on separate interests that is related to the payment of taxes based on the taxable value of the separate interest, as determined by the tax assessor.

逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室（Legislative Counsel）公佈的條文，並與第二個來源逐字核對（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律屬於政府法令，不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈，以該版本為準。
機器可讀：/data/5625.json——同一條文，附分項錨點、日期和來源。

相關內容 § 5100 · § 5105 · 年度報告 · 儲備金規劃 下次複核 每季度