加州 · 戴维斯-斯特林法

唯一不能电子化的选举。

董事会可以自行将常规会费上调20%，并征收不超过预算支出5%的特别会费。超过这些限度，就需要会员表决——一次以纸本进行的无记名投票选举，法定人数须过半数。

节民法典 §§ 5600–5625 章第8章，会费 · 第1节条文 6 条文核实 2026-11-03

两句话里的下限和上限

§ 5600(a)把征收会费规定为一项义务：业主协会（HOA）必须征收足以履行其义务的常规会费和特别会费。(b)款从另一边加以限制：协会征收或收取的会费或费用，不得超过支付其所针对之费用所需的金额。资金不足的协会和多收费用的协会，违反的是同一条。

20%、5%，以及超过之后

§ 5605(b)规定了董事会自身的权限，即使管理文件中有更严格的限制。未经会员表决，董事会不得：

征收比上一财政年度高出20%以上的常规会费；或
征收特别会费，使其合计超过协会该财政年度预算总支出的5%。

而(a)款还附加了一项大多数董事会从不核查的条件：除非董事会在该财政年度遵守了年度预算报告十二项内容中的七项——即《加州民法典》第5300条(b)的第(1)、(2)、(4)、(5)、(6)、(7)和(8)项——否则根本不得实施常规会费的年度上调。错过了年度预算报告，就失去了上调的资格。

三条法律在这里交汇，共同决定了整件事

这是一次选举。§ 5100(a)(1)：关于依法须经表决的会费的选举，必须依照选举一节以无记名投票方式进行——所以需要选举运营规则和一名独立的选举监察员。

不能以电子方式进行。§ 5105(i)允许使用电子无记名选票，但第8章所规定的关于常规会费或特别会费的选举除外——也就是本章。协会的其他所有表决都可以改为线上进行；唯独这一次仍须使用纸本。

而且法定人数更高。§ 5605(d)(3)为本条的目的，将法定人数定义为超过50%的会员。这不是第5115条允许重新召集的董事选举退而采用的20%。必须有过半数的全体会员交回纸本选票，否则上调不能通过。

例外情形

§ 5610在紧急情况下取消上述上限，并对紧急情况作了严格定义：法院命令的特殊支出；在物业上发现人身健康或安全威胁或其他危险状况时，运营、维修或维护开发项目所必需的支出；或编制预算时无法合理预见的维修或维护支出——最后一种需要董事会作出载有书面认定的决议，并随会费征收通知一并分发给会员。

§ 5605(c)的方向正好相反，而且是新增的。AB 572对向可负担住房单元收取的会费上调设定了生活费用上限——但只适用于在2025年1月1日或之后登记备案原始声明书的协会；而且契据限定的可负担单元超过规定比例的，或开发项目只有20个单元或以下的，不适用。

通知，以及会费的两条界限

§ 5615：任何上调都须在应缴日期之前不少于30天、不超过60天发出个别通知。这又是一个时间窗口，而不是截止日期——提前90天发出的通知不符合规定。

§ 5620规定常规会费免受协会的判决债权人强制执行，但仅以协会支付水电、保险等基本服务费用所必需的范围为限；依照第4070条经达到法定人数的会员过半数批准的自愿质押、留置权或产权负担，州税留置权，以及因向公共区域提供劳务或材料而产生的留置权，均不适用这一豁免。而§ 5625禁止按独立产权单位的应税价值征收会费——除非协会在2009年12月31日或之前已依照其管理文件这样做。这是一条冻结在某个日期上的规则，所以读起来有些奇怪。

民法典 § 5600 — 英文原文

The Duty to Levy, and the Ceiling on What May Be Levied
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.

条文以英文呈现，因为法律以英文颁布，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本页的说明为中文；如与条文有出入，以条文为准。

(a)Except as provided in Section 5605, the association shall levy regular and special assessments sufficient to perform its obligations under the governing documents and this act.

(b)An association shall not impose or collect an assessment or fee that exceeds the amount necessary to defray the costs for which it is levied.

逐字转载自加州立法顾问办公室（Legislative Counsel）公布的条文，并与第二个来源逐字核对（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律属于政府法令，不受版权保护。本页为非官方转载——官方版本由立法顾问办公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公布，以该版本为准。
机器可读：/data/5600.json——同一条文，附分项锚点、日期和来源。

民法典 § 5605 — 英文原文

The 20 Percent and 5 Percent Caps, and the Vote to Exceed Them
Amended by Stats. 2023, Ch. 745, Sec. 1. (AB 572) Effective January 1, 2024.

条文以英文呈现，因为法律以英文颁布，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本页的说明为中文；如与条文有出入，以条文为准。

(a)Annual increases in regular assessments for any fiscal year shall not be imposed unless the board has complied with paragraphs (1), (2), (4), (5), (6), (7), and (8) of subdivision (b) of Section 5300 with respect to that fiscal year, or has obtained the approval of a majority of a quorum of members, pursuant to Section 4070, at a member meeting or election.

(b)Notwithstanding more restrictive limitations placed on the board by the governing documents, the board may not impose a regular assessment that is more than 20 percent greater than the regular assessment for the association’s preceding fiscal year or impose special assessments which in the aggregate exceed 5 percent of the budgeted gross expenses of the association for that fiscal year without the approval of a majority of a quorum of members, pursuant to Section 4070, at a member meeting or election.

(c)(1)(A)For an association that records its original declaration on or after January 1, 2025, notwithstanding more restrictive limitations placed on the board by the governing documents, except as provided in paragraph (3), the board shall not impose a regular assessment against an owner of a deed-restricted affordable housing unit that is more than 5 percent plus the percentage change in the cost of living, not to exceed 10 percent greater than the preceding regular assessment.

(c)(1)(B)For purposes of this paragraph, “percentage change in the cost of living” means the percentage change from April 1 of the prior year to April 1 of the current year in the regional Consumer Price Index for the region where the residential real property is located, as published by the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. If a regional index is not available, the California Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers for all items, as determined by the Department of Industrial Relations, shall apply.

(c)(2)For an association that records its original declaration on or after January 1, 2025, notwithstanding any other law, except as provided in paragraph (3), the board may impose an assessment against an owner of a deed-restricted affordable housing unit that is lower than the assessment imposed against other owners according to the proportional ownership of total subdivision interests subject to assessments.

(c)(3)This subdivision does not apply to any of the following:

(c)(3)(A)A development where the percentage of the units, exclusive of a manager’s unit or units, that are deed-restricted affordable housing units exceeds the percentage required by an applicable zoning ordinance in effect at the time the development received final approval.

(c)(3)(B)A development that is located within a city, county, or city and county that does not have an applicable zoning ordinance requiring a percentage of deed-restricted affordable housing units and meet either of the following conditions:

(c)(3)(B)(i)The percentage of the units, exclusive of a manager’s unit or units, that are deed-restricted affordable housing exceeds 10 percent of the total number of units in the development at the time the development received final approval.

(c)(3)(B)(ii)If the development met the requirements described in subparagraph (B) of paragraph (1) of subdivision (b) of Section 65912.122 of the Government Code and was approved pursuant to Section 65912.124 of the Government Code, the percentage of the units, exclusive of a manager’s unit or units, that are deed-restricted affordable housing exceeds 15 percent of the total number of units in the development at the time the development received final approval.

(c)(3)(C)A development of 20 units or fewer.

(d)For the purposes of this section, all of the following definitions apply:

(d)(1)“Affordable housing unit” means a unit occupied by, or available at affordable housing cost to, lower income and moderate-income households, as defined by Sections 50079.5 and 50052.5, respectively, of the Health and Safety Code.

(d)(2)“Final approval” has the same meaning as defined in clause (ii) of subparagraph (D) of paragraph (2) of subdivision (o) of Section 65589.5 of the Government Code.

(d)(3)“Quorum” means more than 50 percent of the members.

来源不一致。 Text taken verbatim from the Legislative Counsel of California official code database and checked word for word against an independent publisher. The two sources disagree on one word: the official database reads “as defined by Sections 50079.5 and 50052.5” where california.public.law reads “Section”. The plural is what the Legislative Counsel publishes and is what two citations require. The same substitution appears at §§ 4210, 5310, 5350 and 5375 — in every case immediately before a list of two or more section numbers and nowhere else, which is where the second source's own citation-linking rewrites the word.

本条的历史版本

通过比较加州立法顾问办公室每个立法会期发布一次的法典版本整理而成。最早的是2013至2014年版，其中《戴维斯-斯特林法》已采用现行编号，因此修改从其后的版本起记录。这不只是存档问题：民法典第5145条给予会员一年时间质疑选举，适用的是选举举行当日的现行条文，而不是今天的条文。

AB 5722024-01-01起生效

Amended by Stats. 2023, Ch. 745, Sec. 1. (AB 572) Effective January 1, 2024.

14处分项修改
查看修改内容
1. (c)~~For the purposes of this section, “quorum” means more than 50 percent of the members.~~
2. (c)(1)(A)For an association that records its original declaration on or after January 1, 2025, notwithstanding more restrictive limitations placed on the board by the governing documents, except as provided in paragraph (3), the board shall not impose a regular assessment against an owner of a deed-restricted affordable housing unit that is more than 5 percent plus the percentage change in the cost of living, not to exceed 10 percent greater …
3. (c)(1)(B)For purposes of this paragraph, “percentage change in the cost of living” means the percentage change from April 1 of the prior year to April 1 of the current year in the regional Consumer Price Index for the region where the residential real property is located, as published by the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. If a regional index is not available, the California Consumer Price Index for All …
4. (c)(2)For an association that records its original declaration on or after January 1, 2025, notwithstanding any other law, except as provided in paragraph (3), the board may impose an assessment against an owner of a deed-restricted affordable housing unit that is lower than the assessment imposed against other owners according to the proportional ownership of total subdivision interests subject to assessments.
5. (c)(3)This subdivision does not apply to any of the following:
6. (c)(3)(A)A development where the percentage of the units, exclusive of a manager’s unit or units, that are deed-restricted affordable housing units exceeds the percentage required by an applicable zoning ordinance in effect at the time the development received final approval.
7. (c)(3)(B)A development that is located within a city, county, or city and county that does not have an applicable zoning ordinance requiring a percentage of deed-restricted affordable housing units and meet either of the following conditions:
8. (c)(3)(B)(i)The percentage of the units, exclusive of a manager’s unit or units, that are deed-restricted affordable housing exceeds 10 percent of the total number of units in the development at the time the development received final approval.
9. (c)(3)(B)(ii)If the development met the requirements described in subparagraph (B) of paragraph (1) of subdivision (b) of Section 65912.122 of the Government Code and was approved pursuant to Section 65912.124 of the Government Code, the percentage of the units, exclusive of a manager’s unit or units, that are deed-restricted affordable housing exceeds 15 percent of the total number of units in the development at the time the development received final …
10. (c)(3)(C)A development of 20 units or fewer.
11. (d)For the purposes of this section, all of the following definitions apply:
12. (d)(1)“Affordable housing unit” means a unit occupied by, or available at affordable housing cost to, lower income and moderate-income households, as defined by Sections 50079.5 and 50052.5, respectively, of the Health and Safety Code.
13. (d)(2)“Final approval” has the same meaning as defined in clause (ii) of subparagraph (D) of paragraph (2) of subdivision (o) of Section 65589.5 of the Government Code.
14. (d)(3)“Quorum” means more than 50 percent of the members.

逐字转载自加州立法顾问办公室（Legislative Counsel）公布的条文，并与第二个来源逐字核对（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律属于政府法令，不受版权保护。本页为非官方转载——官方版本由立法顾问办公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公布，以该版本为准。
机器可读：/data/5605.json——同一条文，附分项锚点、日期和来源。

民法典 § 5610 — 英文原文

Emergency Increases Outside the Caps
Amended by Stats. 2024, Ch. 288, Sec. 3. (SB 900) Effective January 1, 2025.

条文以英文呈现，因为法律以英文颁布，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本页的说明为中文；如与条文有出入，以条文为准。

Section 5605 does not limit assessment increases necessary for emergency situations. For purposes of this section, an emergency situation is any one of the following:

(a)An extraordinary expense required by an order of a court.

(b)An extraordinary expense necessary to operate, repair, or maintain the common interest development or any part of it for which the association is responsible where a threat to personal health or safety or another hazardous condition or circumstance on the property is discovered.

(c)An extraordinary expense necessary to repair or maintain the common interest development or any part of it for which the association is responsible that could not have been reasonably foreseen by the board in preparing and distributing the annual budget report under Section 5300. However, before the imposition or collection of an assessment under this subdivision, the board shall pass a resolution containing written findings as to the necessity of the extraordinary expense involved and why the expense was not or could not have been reasonably foreseen in the budgeting process, and the resolution shall be distributed to the members with the notice of assessment.

本条的历史版本

SB 9002025-01-01起生效

Amended by Stats. 2024, Ch. 288, Sec. 3. (SB 900) Effective January 1, 2025.

2处分项修改
查看修改内容
1. (b)An extraordinary expense necessary to ~~repair~~ operate, repair, or maintain the common interest development or … is responsible where a threat to personal health or safety or another hazardous condition or circumstance on the property is discovered.
2. (c)… annual budget report under Section 5300. However, ~~prior to~~ before the imposition or collection of an assessment …

逐字转载自加州立法顾问办公室（Legislative Counsel）公布的条文，并与第二个来源逐字核对（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律属于政府法令，不受版权保护。本页为非官方转载——官方版本由立法顾问办公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公布，以该版本为准。
机器可读：/data/5610.json——同一条文，附分项锚点、日期和来源。

民法典 § 5615 — 英文原文

Notice of an Increase — 30 to 60 Days Before It Is Due
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.

条文以英文呈现，因为法律以英文颁布，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本页的说明为中文；如与条文有出入，以条文为准。

The association shall provide individual notice pursuant to Section 4040 to the members of any increase in the regular or special assessments of the association, not less than 30 nor more than 60 days prior to the increased assessment becoming due.

逐字转载自加州立法顾问办公室（Legislative Counsel）公布的条文，并与第二个来源逐字核对（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律属于政府法令，不受版权保护。本页为非官方转载——官方版本由立法顾问办公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公布，以该版本为准。
机器可读：/data/5615.json——同一条文，附分项锚点、日期和来源。

民法典 § 5620 — 英文原文

Regular Assessments Are Exempt From Execution
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.

条文以英文呈现，因为法律以英文颁布，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本页的说明为中文；如与条文有出入，以条文为准。

(a)Regular assessments imposed or collected to perform the obligations of an association under the governing documents or this act shall be exempt from execution by a judgment creditor of the association only to the extent necessary for the association to perform essential services, such as paying for utilities and insurance. In determining the appropriateness of an exemption, a court shall ensure that only essential services are protected under this subdivision.

(b)This exemption shall not apply to any consensual pledges, liens, or encumbrances that have been approved by a majority of a quorum of members, pursuant to Section 4070, at a member meeting or election, or to any state tax lien, or to any lien for labor or materials supplied to the common area.

逐字转载自加州立法顾问办公室（Legislative Counsel）公布的条文，并与第二个来源逐字核对（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律属于政府法令，不受版权保护。本页为非官方转载——官方版本由立法顾问办公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公布，以该版本为准。
机器可读：/data/5620.json——同一条文，附分项锚点、日期和来源。

民法典 § 5625 — 英文原文

No Assessment on the Taxable Value of a Separate Interest
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.

条文以英文呈现，因为法律以英文颁布，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本页的说明为中文；如与条文有出入，以条文为准。

(a)Except as provided in subdivision (b), notwithstanding any provision of this act or the governing documents to the contrary, an association shall not levy assessments on separate interests within the common interest development based on the taxable value of the separate interests unless the association, on or before December 31, 2009, in accordance with its governing documents, levied assessments on those separate interests based on their taxable value, as determined by the tax assessor of the county in which the separate interests are located.

(b)An association that is responsible for paying taxes on the separate interests within the common interest development may levy that portion of assessments on separate interests that is related to the payment of taxes based on the taxable value of the separate interest, as determined by the tax assessor.

逐字转载自加州立法顾问办公室（Legislative Counsel）公布的条文，并与第二个来源逐字核对（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律属于政府法令，不受版权保护。本页为非官方转载——官方版本由立法顾问办公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公布，以该版本为准。
机器可读：/data/5625.json——同一条文，附分项锚点、日期和来源。