加州 · 戴維斯-斯特林法 · 第9章
只有保單足夠大，這面盾牌才管用。
擔任董事沒有報酬，對於“如果我們被起訴會怎樣”這個顯而易見的問題，本法給出的保護在四處附有條件。其中三項條件關乎董事的行為。第四項是一個數字，而這一項由業主協會（HOA）負責。
條文 民法典 §§ 5800, 5805, 5806, 5810
章 第9章，保險與責任
收錄條文 4
條文核實 2026-11-03
志願董事
§ 5800(a)：管理住宅或混合用途開發項目的協會，其志願擔任的高級職員或董事不承擔超出保險承保範圍的個人責任，但須同時滿足以下全部條件。
- 該作為或不作為屬於其協會職責範圍之內。
- 該行為是出於誠信作出的。
- 該行為並非故意、恣意或出於重大過失。
- 協會已投保且保單有效——在行為發生時以及提出索賠時均是如此——承保協會的一般責任以及高級職員和董事的個人責任，保額不低於法定最低標準。
兩個數字
開發項目有100戶或以下獨立產權單位的，為500,000美元；多於100戶的，為1,000,000美元——§ 5800(a)(4)。低於這一標準，這面盾牌完全不適用，志願董事的風險須由本人承擔。對董事會來說由此有兩點：保額值得對照現行的保險證明書核實，而不是憑記憶；而且保單必須兩次有效——在行為發生當天，以及索賠到來當天；如果保單在兩者之間失效，這兩天的情況就不一樣了。
只是擁有產權、別無作為的業主
§ 5805解決的是另一個問題。公共區域以按份共有（tenancy in common）方式持有時，每位業主都擁有其中一份——因此依照普通法，也要為那裡發生的事情分擔一份責任。本條把這份責任引開：針對業主提起的侵權訴訟，凡僅因該按份共有權益而產生的，只能針對協會提起，而不能針對個別業主。
同樣以投保為條件，而且金額更高：獨立產權單位為100戶或以下的，一般責任保額至少2,000,000美元；多於100戶的，為3,000,000美元——§ 5805(b)(2)。州議會在(a)款中說明了原因：提供這項保護，是以協會投保規定水平的保險為交換。
為經手資金的人投保
§ 5806：除非管理文件有更高要求，協會必須為其董事、高級職員和僱員投保犯罪保險、員工不誠實保險、忠誠保證保險或同等保險。不是可以，而是必須。這是應對挪用公款情形的保險，它與從儲備金提款須兩人簽名的規則並列，是本法針對同一風險的另一項對策。
如果保險沒了
§ 5810補上了最後一環。如果依照《加州民法典》第5300條在年度預算報告中列明的任何保單已經失效、被取消，且沒有立即續保、恢復或替換，協會必須依照民法典第4040條在合理可行的情況下儘快向全體會員發出個別通知。
請把這一點與第5800條(a)(4)對照來讀。保單失效不只是違反披露義務；它還會使董事本人的責任保護所依賴的條件不復存在。給會員的通知，實質上也是董事會給自己的通知。
民法典 § 5800 — 英文原文
Volunteer Officers and Directors — the Liability Shield
Amended by Stats. 2017, Ch. 278, Sec. 2. (AB 1412) Effective January 1, 2018.
條文以英文呈現，因為法律以英文頒佈，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文；如與條文有出入，以條文為準。
(a)A volunteer officer or volunteer director described in subdivision (e) of an association that manages a common interest development that is residential or mixed use shall not be personally liable in excess of the coverage of insurance specified in paragraph (4) to any person who suffers injury, including, but not limited to, bodily injury, emotional distress, wrongful death, or property damage or loss as a result of the tortious act or omission of the volunteer officer or volunteer director if all of the following criteria are met:
(a)(1)The act or omission was performed within the scope of the officer’s or director’s association duties.
(a)(2)The act or omission was performed in good faith.
(a)(3)The act or omission was not willful, wanton, or grossly negligent.
(a)(4)The association maintained and had in effect at the time the act or omission occurred and at the time a claim is made one or more policies of insurance that shall include coverage for (A) general liability of the association and (B) individual liability of officers and directors of the association for negligent acts or omissions in that capacity; provided that both types of coverage are in the following minimum amounts:
(a)(4)(A)At least five hundred thousand dollars ($500,000) if the common interest development consists of 100 or fewer separate interests.
(a)(4)(B)At least one million dollars ($1,000,000) if the common interest development consists of more than 100 separate interests.
(b)The payment of actual expenses incurred by a director or officer in the execution of the duties of that position does not affect the director’s or officer’s status as a volunteer within the meaning of this section.
(c)An officer or director who at the time of the act or omission was a declarant, or who received either direct or indirect compensation as an employee from the declarant, or from a financial institution that purchased a separate interest at a judicial or nonjudicial foreclosure of a mortgage or deed of trust on real property, is not a volunteer for the purposes of this section.
(d)Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit the liability of the association for its negligent act or omission or for any negligent act or omission of an officer or director of the association.
(e)This section shall only apply to a volunteer officer or director who is a tenant of a residential separate interest in the common interest development or is an owner of no more than two separate interests and whose ownership in the common interest development consists exclusively of residential separate interests.
(f)(1)For purposes of paragraph (1) of subdivision (a), the scope of the officer’s or director’s association duties shall include, but shall not be limited to, both of the following decisions:
(f)(1)(A)Whether to conduct an investigation of the common interest development for latent deficiencies prior to the expiration of the applicable statute of limitations.
(f)(1)(B)Whether to commence a civil action against the builder for defects in design or construction.
(f)(2)It is the intent of the Legislature that this section clarify the scope of association duties to which the protections against personal liability in this section apply. It is not the intent of the Legislature that these clarifications be construed to expand, or limit, the fiduciary duties owed by the directors or officers.
逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室（Legislative Counsel）公佈的條文，並與第二個來源逐字核對（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律屬於政府法令，不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈，以該版本為準。
機器可讀：/data/5800.json——同一條文，附分項錨點、日期和來源。
民法典 § 5805 — 英文原文
Owners of Common Area Held in Tenancy in Common
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.
條文以英文呈現，因為法律以英文頒佈，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文；如與條文有出入，以條文為準。
(a)It is the intent of the Legislature to offer civil liability protection to owners of the separate interests in a common interest development that have common area owned in tenancy-in-common if the association carries a certain level of prescribed insurance that covers a cause of action in tort.
(b)Any cause of action in tort against any owner of a separate interest arising solely by reason of an ownership interest as a tenant-in-common in the common area of a common interest development shall be brought only against the association and not against the individual owners of the separate interests, if both of the insurance requirements in paragraphs (1) and (2) are met:
(b)(1)The association maintained and has in effect for this cause of action, one or more policies of insurance that include coverage for general liability of the association.
(b)(2)The coverage described in paragraph (1) is in the following minimum amounts:
(b)(2)(A)At least two million dollars ($2,000,000) if the common interest development consists of 100 or fewer separate interests.
(b)(2)(B)At least three million dollars ($3,000,000) if the common interest development consists of more than 100 separate interests.
逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室（Legislative Counsel）公佈的條文，並與第二個來源逐字核對（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律屬於政府法令，不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈，以該版本為準。
機器可讀：/data/5805.json——同一條文，附分項錨點、日期和來源。
民法典 § 5806 — 英文原文
Crime, Dishonesty and Fidelity Coverage
Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 270, Sec. 3. (AB 1101) Effective January 1, 2022.
條文以英文呈現，因為法律以英文頒佈，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文；如與條文有出入，以條文為準。
Unless the governing documents require greater coverage amounts, the association shall maintain crime insurance, employee dishonesty coverage, fidelity bond coverage, or their equivalent, for its directors, officers, and employees in an amount that is equal to or more than the combined amount of the reserves of the association and total assessments for three months. The coverage maintained by the association shall also include protection in an equal amount against computer fraud and funds transfer fraud. If the association uses a managing agent or management company, the association’s crime insurance, employee dishonesty coverage, fidelity bond coverage, or their equivalent, shall additionally include coverage for, or otherwise be endorsed to provide coverage for, dishonest acts by that person or entity and its employees. Self-insurance does not meet the requirements of this section.
逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室（Legislative Counsel）公佈的條文，並與第二個來源逐字核對（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律屬於政府法令，不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈，以該版本為準。
機器可讀：/data/5806.json——同一條文，附分項錨點、日期和來源。
民法典 § 5810 — 英文原文
Notice That a Policy Has Lapsed
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.
條文以英文呈現，因為法律以英文頒佈，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文；如與條文有出入，以條文為準。
The association shall, as soon as reasonably practicable, provide individual notice pursuant to Section 4040 to all members if any of the policies described in the annual budget report pursuant to Section 5300 have lapsed, been canceled, and are not immediately renewed, restored, or replaced, or if there is a significant change, such as a reduction in coverage or limits or an increase in the deductible, as to any of those policies. If the association receives any notice of nonrenewal of a policy described in the annual budget report pursuant to Section 5300, the association shall immediately notify its members if replacement coverage will not be in effect by the date the existing coverage will lapse.
逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室（Legislative Counsel）公佈的條文，並與第二個來源逐字核對（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律屬於政府法令，不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈，以該版本為準。
機器可讀：/data/5810.json——同一條文，附分項錨點、日期和來源。