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加州 · 戴維斯-斯特林法

資金,以及誰有權動用它。

董事會每月須審閱六份文件,從儲備金提取任何款項都須兩人簽名,儲備金的用途則有一份窮盡列明的清單。可以從儲備金借支——但有時間限制。

節 民法典 §§ 5500–5502 · §§ 5510–5520 章 第7章,財務 · 第1節和第2節 條文 6 條文核實 2026-11-03

每月,而不是每年

§ 5500列出了董事會必須每月審閱的六項內容:運營帳戶和儲備金帳戶的帳目核對、實際收支與預算的對比、金融機構最近出具的帳戶報表、收支表,以及支票登記簿、總帳簿和拖欠會費應收款報告。

最後一項,正是催收問題在變成留置權之前就能被發現的地方。而且即使董事會每季度才開一次會,審閱的頻率也是每月——§ 5501於2018年增訂,就是為了填補這個空檔。審閱可以在董事會會議之外進行,由每位董事個人進行,或由財務主管和至少另一名董事組成的小組委員會進行,只要在下一次董事會會議上予以追認,並且追認記入會議紀要。做了這項工作還不夠;會議紀要必須體現出來。

兩人簽名,用途限定

§ 5510(a):從儲備金帳戶提款需要兩人簽名——兩名董事,或一名非董事的高級職員加一名董事。無論銀行的簽名卡上怎麼寫,財務主管一個人都不能動用儲備金。

(b)款的範圍比初讀時更窄。儲備金可以用於設立該儲備金所針對的主要構件的維修、修復、更換或維護——或用於涉及該維修、修復、更換或維護的訴訟。訴訟這一項與同樣的構件掛鉤,並不是一筆通用的法律費用預算。

兩個看起來相同、卻約束不同對象的門檻

§ 5502規定,從儲備金帳戶或運營帳戶轉出的款項,超過5,000美元或預計運營收入的5%(以較低者為準)的,須事先獲得董事會書面批准——獨立產權單位為51戶或以上的業主協會(HOA),門檻為10,000美元或5%。同樣的數字也出現在§ 5380(b)(6)中,而那一條約束的是管理代理人(managing agent)。第5502條(b)規定,該條是本部其他任何要求之外的附加要求:一條規則針對協會,一條針對代理人,滿足其中一條並不等於滿足另一條。

從儲備金借支有時間限制

§ 5515允許為了短期現金週轉,將儲備金臨時轉入一般運營資金——但考慮這項轉款的意向必須依照《加州民法典》第4920條載於董事會會議通知中,並且通知必須說明為什麼需要轉款、有哪些還款方案,以及是否可能考慮徵收特別會費。

如果董事會決定進行,須作出載入會議紀要的書面認定。款項須在一年內歸還儲備金——§ 5515(d)只有在發出同樣的通知並作出有文件支持的認定之後,才允許延期。(e)款補上了最後一環:如果需要徵收特別會費才能歸還全部款項,董事會必須徵收。

儲備金用於支付訴訟時

§ 5520要求依照第4045條就該決定本身以及可提供帳目說明一事發出一般通知——之後至少每季度提供一次訴訟費用帳目說明,供會員在協會辦公室查閱。這項披露不是開始時的一次性動作;只要案件還在進行,就要不斷重複。

民法典 § 5500 — 英文原文

Six Documents the Board Must Review Every Month
Amended by Stats. 2018, Ch. 396, Sec. 3. (AB 2912) Effective January 1, 2019.
由AB 739修訂,2027年1月1日起生效

條文以英文呈現,因為法律以英文頒佈,具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文;如與條文有出入,以條文為準。

Unless the governing documents impose more stringent standards, the board shall do all of the following:
(a)Review, on a monthly basis, a current reconciliation of the association’s operating accounts.
(b)Review, on a monthly basis, a current reconciliation of the association’s reserve accounts.
(c)Review, on a monthly basis, the current year’s actual operating revenues and expenses compared to the current year’s budget.
(d)Review, on a monthly basis, the latest account statements prepared by the financial institutions where the association has its operating and reserve accounts.
(e)Review, on a monthly basis, an income and expense statement for the association’s operating and reserve accounts.
(f)Review, on a monthly basis, the check register, monthly general ledger, and delinquent assessment receivable reports.

本條的歷史版本

通過比較加州立法顧問辦公室每個立法會期發佈一次的法典版本整理而成。最早的是2013至2014年版,其中《戴維斯-斯特林法》已採用現行編號,因此修改從其後的版本起記錄。這不只是存檔問題:民法典第5145條給予會員一年時間質疑選舉,適用的是選舉舉行當日的現行條文,而不是今天的條文。

  1. AB 29122019-01-01起生效

    Amended by Stats. 2018, Ch. 396, Sec. 3. (AB 2912) Effective January 1, 2019.

    6處分項修改

    查看修改內容
    1. (a)Review Review, on a monthly basis, a current reconciliation of the association’s operating accounts on at least a quarterly basis. accounts.
    2. (b)Review Review, on a monthly basis, a current reconciliation of the association’s reserve accounts on at least a quarterly basis. accounts.
    3. (c)Review, on at least a quarterly monthly basis, the current year’s actual reserve operating revenues and expenses compared to the current year’s budget.
    4. (d)Review Review, on a monthly basis, the latest account statements prepared by the …
    5. (e)Review Review, on a monthly basis, an income and expense statement for the association’s operating and reserve accounts on at least a quarterly basis. accounts.
    6. (f)Review, on a monthly basis, the check register, monthly general ledger, and delinquent assessment receivable reports.

逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室(Legislative Counsel)公佈的條文,並與第二個來源逐字核對(leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law))。加州法律屬於政府法令,不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈,以該版本為準。
機器可讀:/data/5500.json——同一條文,附分項錨點、日期和來源。

民法典 § 5501 — 英文原文

Meeting the Monthly Review Outside a Board Meeting
Added by Stats. 2018, Ch. 396, Sec. 4. (AB 2912) Effective January 1, 2019.

條文以英文呈現,因為法律以英文頒佈,具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文;如與條文有出入,以條文為準。

The review requirements of Section 5500 may be met when every individual member of the board, or a subcommittee of the board consisting of the treasurer and at least one other board member, reviews the documents and statements described in Section 5500 independent of a board meeting, so long as the review is ratified at the board meeting subsequent to the review and that ratification is reflected in the minutes of that meeting.

本條的歷史版本

通過比較加州立法顧問辦公室每個立法會期發佈一次的法典版本整理而成。最早的是2013至2014年版,其中《戴維斯-斯特林法》已採用現行編號,因此修改從其後的版本起記錄。這不只是存檔問題:民法典第5145條給予會員一年時間質疑選舉,適用的是選舉舉行當日的現行條文,而不是今天的條文。

  1. AB 29122019-01-01起生效

    Added by Stats. 2018, Ch. 396, Sec. 4. (AB 2912) Effective January 1, 2019.

    由該法案增訂入法典。

逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室(Legislative Counsel)公佈的條文,並與第二個來源逐字核對(leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law))。加州法律屬於政府法令,不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈,以該版本為準。
機器可讀:/data/5501.json——同一條文,附分項錨點、日期和來源。

民法典 § 5502 — 英文原文

Prior Written Approval Before Moving Money Out
Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 270, Sec. 2. (AB 1101) Effective January 1, 2022.

條文以英文呈現,因為法律以英文頒佈,具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文;如與條文有出入,以條文為準。

(a)Notwithstanding any other law, transfers shall not be authorized from the association’s reserve or operating accounts without prior written approval from the board of the association unless the amount of the transfer is less than the following:
(a)(1)The lesser of five thousand dollars ($5,000) or 5 percent of the estimated income in the annual operating budget, for associations with 50 or less separate interests.
(a)(2)The lesser of ten thousand dollars ($10,000) or 5 percent of the estimated income in the annual operating budget, for associations with 51 or more separate interests.
(b)This section applies in addition to any other applicable requirements of this part.

本條的歷史版本

通過比較加州立法顧問辦公室每個立法會期發佈一次的法典版本整理而成。最早的是2013至2014年版,其中《戴維斯-斯特林法》已採用現行編號,因此修改從其後的版本起記錄。這不只是存檔問題:民法典第5145條給予會員一年時間質疑選舉,適用的是選舉舉行當日的現行條文,而不是今天的條文。

  1. AB 11012022-01-01起生效

    Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 270, Sec. 2. (AB 1101) Effective January 1, 2022.

    5處分項修改

    查看修改內容
    1. Notwithstanding any other law, transfers of greater than ten thousand dollars ($10,000) or 5 percent of an association’s total combined reserve and operating account deposits, whichever is lower, shall not be authorized from the association’s reserve or operating accounts without prior written board approval. This section applies in addition to any other applicable requirements of this part.
    2. (a)Notwithstanding any other law, transfers shall not be authorized from the association’s reserve or operating accounts without prior written approval from the board of the association unless the amount of the transfer is less than the following:
    3. (a)(1)The lesser of five thousand dollars ($5,000) or 5 percent of the estimated income in the annual operating budget, for associations with 50 or less separate interests.
    4. (a)(2)The lesser of ten thousand dollars ($10,000) or 5 percent of the estimated income in the annual operating budget, for associations with 51 or more separate interests.
    5. (b)This section applies in addition to any other applicable requirements of this part.
  2. AB 9912020-01-01起生效

    Amended by Stats. 2019, Ch. 497, Sec. 31. (AB 991) Effective January 1, 2020.

    由該法案增訂入法典。

逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室(Legislative Counsel)公佈的條文,並與第二個來源逐字核對(leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law))。加州法律屬於政府法令,不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈,以該版本為準。
機器可讀:/data/5502.json——同一條文,附分項錨點、日期和來源。

民法典 § 5510 — 英文原文

Two Signatures, and What Reserve Funds May Pay For
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.

條文以英文呈現,因為法律以英文頒佈,具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文;如與條文有出入,以條文為準。

(a)The signatures of at least two persons, who shall be directors, or one officer who is not a director and one who is a director, shall be required for the withdrawal of moneys from the association’s reserve accounts.
(b)The board shall not expend funds designated as reserve funds for any purpose other than the repair, restoration, replacement, or maintenance of, or litigation involving the repair, restoration, replacement, or maintenance of, major components that the association is obligated to repair, restore, replace, or maintain and for which the reserve fund was established.

逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室(Legislative Counsel)公佈的條文,並與第二個來源逐字核對(leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law))。加州法律屬於政府法令,不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈,以該版本為準。
機器可讀:/data/5510.json——同一條文,附分項錨點、日期和來源。

民法典 § 5515 — 英文原文

Borrowing From Reserves, and Putting It Back
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.

條文以英文呈現,因為法律以英文頒佈,具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文;如與條文有出入,以條文為準。

(a)Notwithstanding Section 5510, the board may authorize the temporary transfer of moneys from a reserve fund to the association’s general operating fund to meet short-term cashflow requirements or other expenses, if the board has provided notice of the intent to consider the transfer in a board meeting notice provided pursuant to Section 4920.
(b)The notice shall include the reasons the transfer is needed, some of the options for repayment, and whether a special assessment may be considered.
(c)If the board authorizes the transfer, the board shall issue a written finding, recorded in the board’s minutes, explaining the reasons that the transfer is needed, and describing when and how the moneys will be repaid to the reserve fund.
(d)The transferred funds shall be restored to the reserve fund within one year of the date of the initial transfer, except that the board may, after giving the same notice required for considering a transfer, and, upon making a finding supported by documentation that a temporary delay would be in the best interests of the common interest development, temporarily delay the restoration.
(e)The board shall exercise prudent fiscal management in maintaining the integrity of the reserve account, and shall, if necessary, levy a special assessment to recover the full amount of the expended funds within the time limits required by this section. This special assessment is subject to the limitation imposed by Section 5605. The board may, at its discretion, extend the date the payment on the special assessment is due. Any extension shall not prevent the board from pursuing any legal remedy to enforce the collection of an unpaid special assessment.

逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室(Legislative Counsel)公佈的條文,並與第二個來源逐字核對(leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law))。加州法律屬於政府法令,不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈,以該版本為準。
機器可讀:/data/5515.json——同一條文,附分項錨點、日期和來源。

民法典 § 5520 — 英文原文

Notice and Quarterly Accounting When Reserves Fund Litigation
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.

條文以英文呈現,因為法律以英文頒佈,具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文;如與條文有出入,以條文為準。

(a)When the decision is made to use reserve funds or to temporarily transfer moneys from the reserve fund to pay for litigation pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 5510, the association shall provide general notice pursuant to Section 4045 of that decision, and of the availability of an accounting of those expenses.
(b)Unless the governing documents impose more stringent standards, the association shall make an accounting of expenses related to the litigation on at least a quarterly basis. The accounting shall be made available for inspection by members of the association at the association’s office.

逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室(Legislative Counsel)公佈的條文,並與第二個來源逐字核對(leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law))。加州法律屬於政府法令,不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈,以該版本為準。
機器可讀:/data/5520.json——同一條文,附分項錨點、日期和來源。

相關內容 儲備金規劃 · 年度報告 · 管理代理人 下次複核 每季度