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加州 · 戴维斯-斯特林法

资金,以及谁有权动用它。

董事会每月须审阅六份文件,从储备金提取任何款项都须两人签名,储备金的用途则有一份穷尽列明的清单。可以从储备金借支——但有时间限制。

节 民法典 §§ 5500–5502 · §§ 5510–5520 章 第7章,财务 · 第1节和第2节 条文 6 条文核实 2026-11-03

每月,而不是每年

§ 5500列出了董事会必须每月审阅的六项内容:运营账户和储备金账户的账目核对、实际收支与预算的对比、金融机构最近出具的账户报表、收支表,以及支票登记簿、总账簿和拖欠会费应收款报告。

最后一项,正是催收问题在变成留置权之前就能被发现的地方。而且即使董事会每季度才开一次会,审阅的频率也是每月——§ 5501于2018年增订,就是为了填补这个空档。审阅可以在董事会会议之外进行,由每位董事个人进行,或由财务主管和至少另一名董事组成的小组委员会进行,只要在下一次董事会会议上予以追认,并且追认记入会议纪要。做了这项工作还不够;会议纪要必须体现出来。

两人签名,用途限定

§ 5510(a):从储备金账户提款需要两人签名——两名董事,或一名非董事的高级职员加一名董事。无论银行的签名卡上怎么写,财务主管一个人都不能动用储备金。

(b)款的范围比初读时更窄。储备金可以用于设立该储备金所针对的主要构件的维修、修复、更换或维护——或用于涉及该维修、修复、更换或维护的诉讼。诉讼这一项与同样的构件挂钩,并不是一笔通用的法律费用预算。

两个看起来相同、却约束不同对象的门槛

§ 5502规定,从储备金账户或运营账户转出的款项,超过5,000美元或预计运营收入的5%(以较低者为准)的,须事先获得董事会书面批准——独立产权单位为51户或以上的业主协会(HOA),门槛为10,000美元或5%。同样的数字也出现在§ 5380(b)(6)中,而那一条约束的是管理代理人(managing agent)。第5502条(b)规定,该条是本部其他任何要求之外的附加要求:一条规则针对协会,一条针对代理人,满足其中一条并不等于满足另一条。

从储备金借支有时间限制

§ 5515允许为了短期现金周转,将储备金临时转入一般运营资金——但考虑这项转款的意向必须依照《加州民法典》第4920条载于董事会会议通知中,并且通知必须说明为什么需要转款、有哪些还款方案,以及是否可能考虑征收特别会费。

如果董事会决定进行,须作出载入会议纪要的书面认定。款项须在一年内归还储备金——§ 5515(d)只有在发出同样的通知并作出有文件支持的认定之后,才允许延期。(e)款补上了最后一环:如果需要征收特别会费才能归还全部款项,董事会必须征收。

储备金用于支付诉讼时

§ 5520要求依照第4045条就该决定本身以及可提供账目说明一事发出一般通知——之后至少每季度提供一次诉讼费用账目说明,供会员在协会办公室查阅。这项披露不是开始时的一次性动作;只要案件还在进行,就要不断重复。

民法典 § 5500 — 英文原文

Six Documents the Board Must Review Every Month
Amended by Stats. 2018, Ch. 396, Sec. 3. (AB 2912) Effective January 1, 2019.
由AB 739修订,2027年1月1日起生效

条文以英文呈现,因为法律以英文颁布,具有法律效力的是英文版本。本页的说明为中文;如与条文有出入,以条文为准。

Unless the governing documents impose more stringent standards, the board shall do all of the following:
(a)Review, on a monthly basis, a current reconciliation of the association’s operating accounts.
(b)Review, on a monthly basis, a current reconciliation of the association’s reserve accounts.
(c)Review, on a monthly basis, the current year’s actual operating revenues and expenses compared to the current year’s budget.
(d)Review, on a monthly basis, the latest account statements prepared by the financial institutions where the association has its operating and reserve accounts.
(e)Review, on a monthly basis, an income and expense statement for the association’s operating and reserve accounts.
(f)Review, on a monthly basis, the check register, monthly general ledger, and delinquent assessment receivable reports.

本条的历史版本

通过比较加州立法顾问办公室每个立法会期发布一次的法典版本整理而成。最早的是2013至2014年版,其中《戴维斯-斯特林法》已采用现行编号,因此修改从其后的版本起记录。这不只是存档问题:民法典第5145条给予会员一年时间质疑选举,适用的是选举举行当日的现行条文,而不是今天的条文。

  1. AB 29122019-01-01起生效

    Amended by Stats. 2018, Ch. 396, Sec. 3. (AB 2912) Effective January 1, 2019.

    6处分项修改

    查看修改内容
    1. (a)Review Review, on a monthly basis, a current reconciliation of the association’s operating accounts on at least a quarterly basis. accounts.
    2. (b)Review Review, on a monthly basis, a current reconciliation of the association’s reserve accounts on at least a quarterly basis. accounts.
    3. (c)Review, on at least a quarterly monthly basis, the current year’s actual reserve operating revenues and expenses compared to the current year’s budget.
    4. (d)Review Review, on a monthly basis, the latest account statements prepared by the …
    5. (e)Review Review, on a monthly basis, an income and expense statement for the association’s operating and reserve accounts on at least a quarterly basis. accounts.
    6. (f)Review, on a monthly basis, the check register, monthly general ledger, and delinquent assessment receivable reports.

逐字转载自加州立法顾问办公室(Legislative Counsel)公布的条文,并与第二个来源逐字核对(leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law))。加州法律属于政府法令,不受版权保护。本页为非官方转载——官方版本由立法顾问办公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公布,以该版本为准。
机器可读:/data/5500.json——同一条文,附分项锚点、日期和来源。

民法典 § 5501 — 英文原文

Meeting the Monthly Review Outside a Board Meeting
Added by Stats. 2018, Ch. 396, Sec. 4. (AB 2912) Effective January 1, 2019.

条文以英文呈现,因为法律以英文颁布,具有法律效力的是英文版本。本页的说明为中文;如与条文有出入,以条文为准。

The review requirements of Section 5500 may be met when every individual member of the board, or a subcommittee of the board consisting of the treasurer and at least one other board member, reviews the documents and statements described in Section 5500 independent of a board meeting, so long as the review is ratified at the board meeting subsequent to the review and that ratification is reflected in the minutes of that meeting.

本条的历史版本

通过比较加州立法顾问办公室每个立法会期发布一次的法典版本整理而成。最早的是2013至2014年版,其中《戴维斯-斯特林法》已采用现行编号,因此修改从其后的版本起记录。这不只是存档问题:民法典第5145条给予会员一年时间质疑选举,适用的是选举举行当日的现行条文,而不是今天的条文。

  1. AB 29122019-01-01起生效

    Added by Stats. 2018, Ch. 396, Sec. 4. (AB 2912) Effective January 1, 2019.

    由该法案增订入法典。

逐字转载自加州立法顾问办公室(Legislative Counsel)公布的条文,并与第二个来源逐字核对(leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law))。加州法律属于政府法令,不受版权保护。本页为非官方转载——官方版本由立法顾问办公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公布,以该版本为准。
机器可读:/data/5501.json——同一条文,附分项锚点、日期和来源。

民法典 § 5502 — 英文原文

Prior Written Approval Before Moving Money Out
Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 270, Sec. 2. (AB 1101) Effective January 1, 2022.

条文以英文呈现,因为法律以英文颁布,具有法律效力的是英文版本。本页的说明为中文;如与条文有出入,以条文为准。

(a)Notwithstanding any other law, transfers shall not be authorized from the association’s reserve or operating accounts without prior written approval from the board of the association unless the amount of the transfer is less than the following:
(a)(1)The lesser of five thousand dollars ($5,000) or 5 percent of the estimated income in the annual operating budget, for associations with 50 or less separate interests.
(a)(2)The lesser of ten thousand dollars ($10,000) or 5 percent of the estimated income in the annual operating budget, for associations with 51 or more separate interests.
(b)This section applies in addition to any other applicable requirements of this part.

本条的历史版本

通过比较加州立法顾问办公室每个立法会期发布一次的法典版本整理而成。最早的是2013至2014年版,其中《戴维斯-斯特林法》已采用现行编号,因此修改从其后的版本起记录。这不只是存档问题:民法典第5145条给予会员一年时间质疑选举,适用的是选举举行当日的现行条文,而不是今天的条文。

  1. AB 11012022-01-01起生效

    Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 270, Sec. 2. (AB 1101) Effective January 1, 2022.

    5处分项修改

    查看修改内容
    1. Notwithstanding any other law, transfers of greater than ten thousand dollars ($10,000) or 5 percent of an association’s total combined reserve and operating account deposits, whichever is lower, shall not be authorized from the association’s reserve or operating accounts without prior written board approval. This section applies in addition to any other applicable requirements of this part.
    2. (a)Notwithstanding any other law, transfers shall not be authorized from the association’s reserve or operating accounts without prior written approval from the board of the association unless the amount of the transfer is less than the following:
    3. (a)(1)The lesser of five thousand dollars ($5,000) or 5 percent of the estimated income in the annual operating budget, for associations with 50 or less separate interests.
    4. (a)(2)The lesser of ten thousand dollars ($10,000) or 5 percent of the estimated income in the annual operating budget, for associations with 51 or more separate interests.
    5. (b)This section applies in addition to any other applicable requirements of this part.
  2. AB 9912020-01-01起生效

    Amended by Stats. 2019, Ch. 497, Sec. 31. (AB 991) Effective January 1, 2020.

    由该法案增订入法典。

逐字转载自加州立法顾问办公室(Legislative Counsel)公布的条文,并与第二个来源逐字核对(leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law))。加州法律属于政府法令,不受版权保护。本页为非官方转载——官方版本由立法顾问办公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公布,以该版本为准。
机器可读:/data/5502.json——同一条文,附分项锚点、日期和来源。

民法典 § 5510 — 英文原文

Two Signatures, and What Reserve Funds May Pay For
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.

条文以英文呈现,因为法律以英文颁布,具有法律效力的是英文版本。本页的说明为中文;如与条文有出入,以条文为准。

(a)The signatures of at least two persons, who shall be directors, or one officer who is not a director and one who is a director, shall be required for the withdrawal of moneys from the association’s reserve accounts.
(b)The board shall not expend funds designated as reserve funds for any purpose other than the repair, restoration, replacement, or maintenance of, or litigation involving the repair, restoration, replacement, or maintenance of, major components that the association is obligated to repair, restore, replace, or maintain and for which the reserve fund was established.

逐字转载自加州立法顾问办公室(Legislative Counsel)公布的条文,并与第二个来源逐字核对(leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law))。加州法律属于政府法令,不受版权保护。本页为非官方转载——官方版本由立法顾问办公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公布,以该版本为准。
机器可读:/data/5510.json——同一条文,附分项锚点、日期和来源。

民法典 § 5515 — 英文原文

Borrowing From Reserves, and Putting It Back
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.

条文以英文呈现,因为法律以英文颁布,具有法律效力的是英文版本。本页的说明为中文;如与条文有出入,以条文为准。

(a)Notwithstanding Section 5510, the board may authorize the temporary transfer of moneys from a reserve fund to the association’s general operating fund to meet short-term cashflow requirements or other expenses, if the board has provided notice of the intent to consider the transfer in a board meeting notice provided pursuant to Section 4920.
(b)The notice shall include the reasons the transfer is needed, some of the options for repayment, and whether a special assessment may be considered.
(c)If the board authorizes the transfer, the board shall issue a written finding, recorded in the board’s minutes, explaining the reasons that the transfer is needed, and describing when and how the moneys will be repaid to the reserve fund.
(d)The transferred funds shall be restored to the reserve fund within one year of the date of the initial transfer, except that the board may, after giving the same notice required for considering a transfer, and, upon making a finding supported by documentation that a temporary delay would be in the best interests of the common interest development, temporarily delay the restoration.
(e)The board shall exercise prudent fiscal management in maintaining the integrity of the reserve account, and shall, if necessary, levy a special assessment to recover the full amount of the expended funds within the time limits required by this section. This special assessment is subject to the limitation imposed by Section 5605. The board may, at its discretion, extend the date the payment on the special assessment is due. Any extension shall not prevent the board from pursuing any legal remedy to enforce the collection of an unpaid special assessment.

逐字转载自加州立法顾问办公室(Legislative Counsel)公布的条文,并与第二个来源逐字核对(leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law))。加州法律属于政府法令,不受版权保护。本页为非官方转载——官方版本由立法顾问办公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公布,以该版本为准。
机器可读:/data/5515.json——同一条文,附分项锚点、日期和来源。

民法典 § 5520 — 英文原文

Notice and Quarterly Accounting When Reserves Fund Litigation
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.

条文以英文呈现,因为法律以英文颁布,具有法律效力的是英文版本。本页的说明为中文;如与条文有出入,以条文为准。

(a)When the decision is made to use reserve funds or to temporarily transfer moneys from the reserve fund to pay for litigation pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 5510, the association shall provide general notice pursuant to Section 4045 of that decision, and of the availability of an accounting of those expenses.
(b)Unless the governing documents impose more stringent standards, the association shall make an accounting of expenses related to the litigation on at least a quarterly basis. The accounting shall be made available for inspection by members of the association at the association’s office.

逐字转载自加州立法顾问办公室(Legislative Counsel)公布的条文,并与第二个来源逐字核对(leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law))。加州法律属于政府法令,不受版权保护。本页为非官方转载——官方版本由立法顾问办公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公布,以该版本为准。
机器可读:/data/5520.json——同一条文,附分项锚点、日期和来源。

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