加州 · 戴维斯-斯特林法 · 第9章
只有保单足够大，这面盾牌才管用。
担任董事没有报酬，对于“如果我们被起诉会怎样”这个显而易见的问题，本法给出的保护在四处附有条件。其中三项条件关乎董事的行为。第四项是一个数字，而这一项由业主协会（HOA）负责。
条文 民法典 §§ 5800, 5805, 5806, 5810
章 第9章，保险与责任
收录条文 4
条文核实 2026-11-03
志愿董事
§ 5800(a)：管理住宅或混合用途开发项目的协会，其志愿担任的高级职员或董事不承担超出保险承保范围的个人责任，但须同时满足以下全部条件。
- 该作为或不作为属于其协会职责范围之内。
- 该行为是出于诚信作出的。
- 该行为并非故意、恣意或出于重大过失。
- 协会已投保且保单有效——在行为发生时以及提出索赔时均是如此——承保协会的一般责任以及高级职员和董事的个人责任，保额不低于法定最低标准。
两个数字
开发项目有100户或以下独立产权单位的，为500,000美元；多于100户的，为1,000,000美元——§ 5800(a)(4)。低于这一标准，这面盾牌完全不适用，志愿董事的风险须由本人承担。对董事会来说由此有两点：保额值得对照现行的保险证明书核实，而不是凭记忆；而且保单必须两次有效——在行为发生当天，以及索赔到来当天；如果保单在两者之间失效，这两天的情况就不一样了。
只是拥有产权、别无作为的业主
§ 5805解决的是另一个问题。公共区域以按份共有（tenancy in common）方式持有时，每位业主都拥有其中一份——因此依照普通法，也要为那里发生的事情分担一份责任。本条把这份责任引开：针对业主提起的侵权诉讼，凡仅因该按份共有权益而产生的，只能针对协会提起，而不能针对个别业主。
同样以投保为条件，而且金额更高：独立产权单位为100户或以下的，一般责任保额至少2,000,000美元；多于100户的，为3,000,000美元——§ 5805(b)(2)。州议会在(a)款中说明了原因：提供这项保护，是以协会投保规定水平的保险为交换。
为经手资金的人投保
§ 5806：除非管理文件有更高要求，协会必须为其董事、高级职员和雇员投保犯罪保险、员工不诚实保险、忠诚保证保险或同等保险。不是可以，而是必须。这是应对挪用公款情形的保险，它与从储备金提款须两人签名的规则并列，是本法针对同一风险的另一项对策。
如果保险没了
§ 5810补上了最后一环。如果依照《加州民法典》第5300条在年度预算报告中列明的任何保单已经失效、被取消，且没有立即续保、恢复或替换，协会必须依照民法典第4040条在合理可行的情况下尽快向全体会员发出个别通知。
请把这一点与第5800条(a)(4)对照来读。保单失效不只是违反披露义务；它还会使董事本人的责任保护所依赖的条件不复存在。给会员的通知，实质上也是董事会给自己的通知。
民法典 § 5800 — 英文原文
Volunteer Officers and Directors — the Liability Shield
Amended by Stats. 2017, Ch. 278, Sec. 2. (AB 1412) Effective January 1, 2018.
条文以英文呈现，因为法律以英文颁布，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本页的说明为中文；如与条文有出入，以条文为准。
(a)A volunteer officer or volunteer director described in subdivision (e) of an association that manages a common interest development that is residential or mixed use shall not be personally liable in excess of the coverage of insurance specified in paragraph (4) to any person who suffers injury, including, but not limited to, bodily injury, emotional distress, wrongful death, or property damage or loss as a result of the tortious act or omission of the volunteer officer or volunteer director if all of the following criteria are met:
(a)(1)The act or omission was performed within the scope of the officer’s or director’s association duties.
(a)(2)The act or omission was performed in good faith.
(a)(3)The act or omission was not willful, wanton, or grossly negligent.
(a)(4)The association maintained and had in effect at the time the act or omission occurred and at the time a claim is made one or more policies of insurance that shall include coverage for (A) general liability of the association and (B) individual liability of officers and directors of the association for negligent acts or omissions in that capacity; provided that both types of coverage are in the following minimum amounts:
(a)(4)(A)At least five hundred thousand dollars ($500,000) if the common interest development consists of 100 or fewer separate interests.
(a)(4)(B)At least one million dollars ($1,000,000) if the common interest development consists of more than 100 separate interests.
(b)The payment of actual expenses incurred by a director or officer in the execution of the duties of that position does not affect the director’s or officer’s status as a volunteer within the meaning of this section.
(c)An officer or director who at the time of the act or omission was a declarant, or who received either direct or indirect compensation as an employee from the declarant, or from a financial institution that purchased a separate interest at a judicial or nonjudicial foreclosure of a mortgage or deed of trust on real property, is not a volunteer for the purposes of this section.
(d)Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit the liability of the association for its negligent act or omission or for any negligent act or omission of an officer or director of the association.
(e)This section shall only apply to a volunteer officer or director who is a tenant of a residential separate interest in the common interest development or is an owner of no more than two separate interests and whose ownership in the common interest development consists exclusively of residential separate interests.
(f)(1)For purposes of paragraph (1) of subdivision (a), the scope of the officer’s or director’s association duties shall include, but shall not be limited to, both of the following decisions:
(f)(1)(A)Whether to conduct an investigation of the common interest development for latent deficiencies prior to the expiration of the applicable statute of limitations.
(f)(1)(B)Whether to commence a civil action against the builder for defects in design or construction.
(f)(2)It is the intent of the Legislature that this section clarify the scope of association duties to which the protections against personal liability in this section apply. It is not the intent of the Legislature that these clarifications be construed to expand, or limit, the fiduciary duties owed by the directors or officers.
逐字转载自加州立法顾问办公室（Legislative Counsel）公布的条文，并与第二个来源逐字核对（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律属于政府法令，不受版权保护。本页为非官方转载——官方版本由立法顾问办公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公布，以该版本为准。
机器可读：/data/5800.json——同一条文，附分项锚点、日期和来源。
民法典 § 5805 — 英文原文
Owners of Common Area Held in Tenancy in Common
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.
条文以英文呈现，因为法律以英文颁布，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本页的说明为中文；如与条文有出入，以条文为准。
(a)It is the intent of the Legislature to offer civil liability protection to owners of the separate interests in a common interest development that have common area owned in tenancy-in-common if the association carries a certain level of prescribed insurance that covers a cause of action in tort.
(b)Any cause of action in tort against any owner of a separate interest arising solely by reason of an ownership interest as a tenant-in-common in the common area of a common interest development shall be brought only against the association and not against the individual owners of the separate interests, if both of the insurance requirements in paragraphs (1) and (2) are met:
(b)(1)The association maintained and has in effect for this cause of action, one or more policies of insurance that include coverage for general liability of the association.
(b)(2)The coverage described in paragraph (1) is in the following minimum amounts:
(b)(2)(A)At least two million dollars ($2,000,000) if the common interest development consists of 100 or fewer separate interests.
(b)(2)(B)At least three million dollars ($3,000,000) if the common interest development consists of more than 100 separate interests.
逐字转载自加州立法顾问办公室（Legislative Counsel）公布的条文，并与第二个来源逐字核对（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律属于政府法令，不受版权保护。本页为非官方转载——官方版本由立法顾问办公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公布，以该版本为准。
机器可读：/data/5805.json——同一条文，附分项锚点、日期和来源。
民法典 § 5806 — 英文原文
Crime, Dishonesty and Fidelity Coverage
Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 270, Sec. 3. (AB 1101) Effective January 1, 2022.
条文以英文呈现，因为法律以英文颁布，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本页的说明为中文；如与条文有出入，以条文为准。
Unless the governing documents require greater coverage amounts, the association shall maintain crime insurance, employee dishonesty coverage, fidelity bond coverage, or their equivalent, for its directors, officers, and employees in an amount that is equal to or more than the combined amount of the reserves of the association and total assessments for three months. The coverage maintained by the association shall also include protection in an equal amount against computer fraud and funds transfer fraud. If the association uses a managing agent or management company, the association’s crime insurance, employee dishonesty coverage, fidelity bond coverage, or their equivalent, shall additionally include coverage for, or otherwise be endorsed to provide coverage for, dishonest acts by that person or entity and its employees. Self-insurance does not meet the requirements of this section.
逐字转载自加州立法顾问办公室（Legislative Counsel）公布的条文，并与第二个来源逐字核对（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律属于政府法令，不受版权保护。本页为非官方转载——官方版本由立法顾问办公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公布，以该版本为准。
机器可读：/data/5806.json——同一条文，附分项锚点、日期和来源。
民法典 § 5810 — 英文原文
Notice That a Policy Has Lapsed
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.
条文以英文呈现，因为法律以英文颁布，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本页的说明为中文；如与条文有出入，以条文为准。
The association shall, as soon as reasonably practicable, provide individual notice pursuant to Section 4040 to all members if any of the policies described in the annual budget report pursuant to Section 5300 have lapsed, been canceled, and are not immediately renewed, restored, or replaced, or if there is a significant change, such as a reduction in coverage or limits or an increase in the deductible, as to any of those policies. If the association receives any notice of nonrenewal of a policy described in the annual budget report pursuant to Section 5300, the association shall immediately notify its members if replacement coverage will not be in effect by the date the existing coverage will lapse.
逐字转载自加州立法顾问办公室（Legislative Counsel）公布的条文，并与第二个来源逐字核对（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律属于政府法令，不受版权保护。本页为非官方转载——官方版本由立法顾问办公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公布，以该版本为准。
机器可读：/data/5810.json——同一条文，附分项锚点、日期和来源。