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加州 · 戴維斯-斯特林法

協會可以對會員處以什麼罰款，以及如何處罰。

自2025年起，除非涉及健康或安全，罰款的上限為每項違規100美元。業主協會（HOA）必須先給予會員10天的通知期和糾正違規的機會——未經該程序作出的紀律處分完全不生效。

節 民法典 §§ 5850–5875 章 第10章，爭議解決與執行 · 第1節 條文 4 條文核實 2026-11-03

上限，以及唯一的例外

《加州民法典》第5850條(c)經AB 130於2025年改寫後規定：對違反管理文件的行為處以的罰款，不得超過以下兩者中較低者：協會自己公佈的罰款表所列金額，或每項違規100美元。罰款表列出更高的數額也不會提高上限；永遠以兩者中較低者為準。

(d)款規定了唯一的例外：如果違規發生時有效的罰款表有此規定，並且該違規可能對公共區域或其他會員的財產造成不利的健康或安全影響，董事會可以處以超過100美元的罰款。在此之前，董事會必須在向會員開放的會議上作出書面認定，具體說明該影響——不能在閉門會議中作出，也不能事後補作。

此外還有兩項限制。(e)款：不得對罰款收取滯納金或利息——這與民法典第5725條(b)相互配合，後者規定罰款不得成為可通過拍賣執行的留置權。罰款不會越滾越多，也不能拿走住宅。(a)款則將罰款表與年度政策聲明掛鉤：罰款表隨年度政策聲明分發，且罰款應當合理。

糾正權

民法典第5855條(c)是董事會最常忽略的規定。會員應當有機會在會議之前糾正違規；如果會員已糾正違規——或者在糾正所需時間超過通知期的情況下，會員提供了糾正違規的財務承諾——董事會不得作出紀律處分。這一程序的目的不在於聽證會，而在於解決問題。

會前10天，會後14天

民法典第5855條(a)：至少在會議前10天，以親自送交方式或依照第4040條以個別送達方式發出書面通知——無論董事會審議的是紀律處分還是公共區域損壞賠償費，要求都相同。(b)款規定了通知的最低內容：日期、時間和地點，所指違規行為或損壞的性質，以及一項聲明，說明會員有權出席會議並可在會上向董事會陳述意見。如果會員提出要求，董事會須召開閉門會議。

(f)款：在作出處理後14天內以書面形式通知決定。(g)款則是對上述全部要求的約束——除非董事會履行本條的各項要求，否則紀律處分或損壞賠償費對會員不生效。不是經質疑後可撤銷，而是不生效。

如果會議之後董事會與會員仍有分歧，(d)款使會員可以依照第5910條使用內部爭議解決程序。如果雙方達成一致，(e)款要求董事會起草一份由雙方簽名的書面決議，該決議對協會具有約束力，並可由法院強制執行。

兩項外部界限

民法典第5875條由AB 1410於2022年增訂：在州或地方宣佈的緊急狀態期間，如果緊急狀態的性質使業主防止或糾正違規變得不安全或不可能，協會不得就違反管理文件的行為採取任何執行措施。因未繳納會費而採取的措施是明文規定的例外。

第5865條則為整節劃定了邊界：第5850條或第5855條的任何規定，都不創設、擴大或減少董事會處以罰款的權力。罰款的權力來自管理文件；這些條文只規定這一權力必須如何行使。

民法典 § 5850 — 英文原文

The Schedule of Penalties, and the $100 Cap
Amended by Stats. 2025, Ch. 22, Sec. 3. (AB 130) Effective June 30, 2025.

條文以英文呈現，因為法律以英文頒佈，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文；如與條文有出入，以條文為準。

(a)If an association adopts or has adopted a policy imposing any monetary penalty, including any fee, on any association member for a violation of the governing documents, including any monetary penalty relating to the activities of a guest or tenant of the member, the board shall adopt and distribute to each member, in the annual policy statement prepared pursuant to Section 5310, a schedule of the monetary penalties that may be assessed for those violations, which shall be in accordance with authorization for member discipline contained in the governing documents. Monetary penalties shall be reasonable.
(b)Any new or revised monetary penalty that is adopted after complying with subdivision (a) may be included in a supplement that is delivered to the members individually, pursuant to Section 4040.
(c)A monetary penalty for a violation of the governing documents shall not exceed the lesser of the following:
(c)(1)The monetary penalty stated in the schedule of monetary penalties or supplement that is in effect at the time of the violation.
(c)(2)One hundred dollars ($100) per violation.
(d)(1)Notwithstanding subdivision (c), the board may impose a penalty stated in the schedule of monetary penalties or supplement that is in effect at the time of the violation that is greater than one hundred dollars ($100) per violation, if the violation may result in an adverse health or safety impact on the common area or another association member’s property.
(d)(2)Before imposing a penalty on a violation pursuant to this subdivision, the board shall make a written finding specifying the adverse health or safety impact in a board meeting open to the members.
(e)A late charge or interest shall not be charged to a member for a monetary penalty.
(f)An association shall provide a copy of the most recently distributed schedule of monetary penalties, along with any applicable supplements to that schedule, to any member upon request.

本條的歷史版本

通過比較加州立法顧問辦公室每個立法會期發佈一次的法典版本整理而成。最早的是2013至2014年版，其中《戴維斯-斯特林法》已採用現行編號，因此修改從其後的版本起記錄。這不只是存檔問題：民法典第5145條給予會員一年時間質疑選舉，適用的是選舉舉行當日的現行條文，而不是今天的條文。

  1. AB 1302025-06-30起生效

    Amended by Stats. 2025, Ch. 22, Sec. 3. (AB 130) Effective June 30, 2025.

    7處分項修改 · 1處重新編號

    查看修改內容
    1. (a)… member discipline contained in the governing documents. Monetary penalties shall be reasonable.
    2. (c)A monetary penalty for a violation of the governing documents shall not exceed the monetary penalty stated in the schedule of monetary penalties or supplement that is in effect at the time lesser of the violation. following:
    3. (c)(1)The monetary penalty stated in the schedule of monetary penalties or supplement that is in effect at the time of the violation.
    4. (c)(2)One hundred dollars ($100) per violation.
    5. (d)(1)Notwithstanding subdivision (c), the board may impose a penalty stated in the schedule of monetary penalties or supplement that is in effect at the time of the violation that is greater than one hundred dollars ($100) per violation, if the violation may result in an adverse health or safety impact on the common area or another association member’s property.
    6. (d)(2)Before imposing a penalty on a violation pursuant to this subdivision, the board shall make a written finding specifying the adverse health or safety impact in a board meeting open to the members.
    7. (e)A late charge or interest shall not be charged to a member for a monetary penalty.

逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室（Legislative Counsel）公佈的條文，並與第二個來源逐字核對（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律屬於政府法令，不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈，以該版本為準。
機器可讀：/data/5850.json——同一條文，附分項錨點、日期和來源。

民法典 § 5855 — 英文原文

Ten Days' Notice, the Right to Cure, and Fourteen Days to Decide
Amended by Stats. 2025, Ch. 22, Sec. 4. (AB 130) Effective June 30, 2025.

條文以英文呈現，因為法律以英文頒佈，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文；如與條文有出入，以條文為準。

(a)When the board is to meet to consider or impose discipline upon a member, or to impose a monetary charge as a means of reimbursing the association for costs incurred by the association in the repair of damage to the common area and facilities caused by a member or the member’s guest or tenant, the board shall notify the member in writing, by either personal delivery or individual delivery pursuant to Section 4040, at least 10 days prior to the meeting.
(b)The notification shall contain, at a minimum, the date, time, and place of the meeting, the nature of the alleged violation for which a member may be disciplined or the nature of the damage to the common area and facilities for which a monetary charge may be imposed, and a statement that the member has a right to attend and may address the board at the meeting. The board shall meet in executive session if requested by the member.
(c)A member shall have the opportunity to cure the violation prior to the meeting. The board shall not impose discipline in either of the following circumstances:
(c)(1)The member cures the violation prior to the meeting.
(c)(2)If curing the violation would take longer than the time between the notice provided pursuant to subdivision (a) and the meeting, the member provides financial commitment to cure the violation.
(d)If the board and the member are not in agreement after the meeting, a member shall have the opportunity to request internal dispute resolution pursuant to Section 5910.
(e)If the board and the member are in agreement after the meeting, the board shall draft a written resolution. The written resolution, signed by the board and the member of the dispute pursuant to procedures not in conflict with the law or governing documents, binds the association and is judicially enforceable.
(f)If the board imposes discipline on a member or imposes a monetary charge on the member for damage to the common area and facilities, the board shall provide the member with a written notification of the decision, by either personal delivery or individual delivery pursuant to Section 4040, within 14 days following the action.
(g)A disciplinary action or the imposition of a monetary charge for damage to the common area shall not be effective against a member unless the board fulfills the requirements of this section.

本條的歷史版本

通過比較加州立法顧問辦公室每個立法會期發佈一次的法典版本整理而成。最早的是2013至2014年版，其中《戴維斯-斯特林法》已採用現行編號，因此修改從其後的版本起記錄。這不只是存檔問題：民法典第5145條給予會員一年時間質疑選舉，適用的是選舉舉行當日的現行條文，而不是今天的條文。

  1. AB 1302025-06-30起生效

    Amended by Stats. 2025, Ch. 22, Sec. 4. (AB 130) Effective June 30, 2025.

    7處分項修改 · 1處重新編號

    查看修改內容
    1. (a)… association in the repair of damage to the common area and facilities caused by a …
    2. (c)If A member shall have the board imposes discipline on a member or imposes a monetary charge on opportunity to cure the member for damage violation prior to the common area and facilities, the meeting. The board shall provide the member a written notification not impose discipline in either of the decision, by either personal delivery or individual delivery pursuant to Section 4040, within 15 days following the action. circumstances:
    3. (c)(1)The member cures the violation prior to the meeting.
    4. (c)(2)If curing the violation would take longer than the time between the notice provided pursuant to subdivision (a) and the meeting, the member provides financial commitment to cure the violation.
    5. (d)If the board and the member are not in agreement after the meeting, a member shall have the opportunity to request internal dispute resolution pursuant to Section 5910.
    6. (e)If the board and the member are in agreement after the meeting, the board shall draft a written resolution. The written resolution, signed by the board and the member of the dispute pursuant to procedures not in conflict with the law or governing documents, binds the association and is judicially enforceable.
    7. (f)If the board imposes discipline on a member or imposes a monetary charge on the member for damage to the common area and facilities, the board shall provide the member with a written notification of the decision, by either personal delivery or individual delivery pursuant to Section 4040, within 14 days following the action.

逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室（Legislative Counsel）公佈的條文，並與第二個來源逐字核對（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律屬於政府法令，不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈，以該版本為準。
機器可讀：/data/5855.json——同一條文，附分項錨點、日期和來源。

民法典 § 5865 — 英文原文

§§ 5850 and 5855 Neither Create Nor Reduce the Power to Fine
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.

條文以英文呈現，因為法律以英文頒佈，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文；如與條文有出入，以條文為準。

Nothing in Section 5850 or 5855 shall be construed to create, expand, or reduce the authority of the board to impose monetary penalties on a member for a violation of the governing documents.

逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室（Legislative Counsel）公佈的條文，並與第二個來源逐字核對（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律屬於政府法令，不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈，以該版本為準。
機器可讀：/data/5865.json——同一條文，附分項錨點、日期和來源。

民法典 § 5875 — 英文原文

No Enforcement During a Declared Emergency
Added by Stats. 2022, Ch. 858, Sec. 4. (AB 1410) Effective January 1, 2023.

條文以英文呈現，因為法律以英文頒佈，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文；如與條文有出入，以條文為準。

An association shall not pursue any enforcement actions for a violation of the governing documents, except those actions relating to the homeowner’s nonpayment of assessments, during a declared state or local emergency if the nature of the emergency giving rise to the declaration makes it unsafe or impossible for the homeowner to either prevent or fix the violation.

本條的歷史版本

通過比較加州立法顧問辦公室每個立法會期發佈一次的法典版本整理而成。最早的是2013至2014年版，其中《戴維斯-斯特林法》已採用現行編號，因此修改從其後的版本起記錄。這不只是存檔問題：民法典第5145條給予會員一年時間質疑選舉，適用的是選舉舉行當日的現行條文，而不是今天的條文。

  1. AB 14102023-01-01起生效

    Added by Stats. 2022, Ch. 858, Sec. 4. (AB 1410) Effective January 1, 2023.

    由該法案增訂入法典。

逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室（Legislative Counsel）公佈的條文，並與第二個來源逐字核對（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律屬於政府法令，不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈，以該版本為準。
機器可讀：/data/5875.json——同一條文，附分項錨點、日期和來源。

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