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加州 · 戴维斯-斯特林法

协会可以对会员处以什么罚款，以及如何处罚。

自2025年起，除非涉及健康或安全，罚款的上限为每项违规100美元。业主协会（HOA）必须先给予会员10天的通知期和纠正违规的机会——未经该程序作出的纪律处分完全不生效。

节 民法典 §§ 5850–5875 章 第10章，争议解决与执行 · 第1节 条文 4 条文核实 2026-11-03

上限，以及唯一的例外

《加州民法典》第5850条(c)经AB 130于2025年改写后规定：对违反管理文件的行为处以的罚款，不得超过以下两者中较低者：协会自己公布的罚款表所列金额，或每项违规100美元。罚款表列出更高的数额也不会提高上限；永远以两者中较低者为准。

(d)款规定了唯一的例外：如果违规发生时有效的罚款表有此规定，并且该违规可能对公共区域或其他会员的财产造成不利的健康或安全影响，董事会可以处以超过100美元的罚款。在此之前，董事会必须在向会员开放的会议上作出书面认定，具体说明该影响——不能在闭门会议中作出，也不能事后补作。

此外还有两项限制。(e)款：不得对罚款收取滞纳金或利息——这与民法典第5725条(b)相互配合，后者规定罚款不得成为可通过拍卖执行的留置权。罚款不会越滚越多，也不能拿走住宅。(a)款则将罚款表与年度政策声明挂钩：罚款表随年度政策声明分发，且罚款应当合理。

纠正权

民法典第5855条(c)是董事会最常忽略的规定。会员应当有机会在会议之前纠正违规；如果会员已纠正违规——或者在纠正所需时间超过通知期的情况下，会员提供了纠正违规的财务承诺——董事会不得作出纪律处分。这一程序的目的不在于听证会，而在于解决问题。

会前10天，会后14天

民法典第5855条(a)：至少在会议前10天，以亲自送交方式或依照第4040条以个别送达方式发出书面通知——无论董事会审议的是纪律处分还是公共区域损坏赔偿费，要求都相同。(b)款规定了通知的最低内容：日期、时间和地点，所指违规行为或损坏的性质，以及一项声明，说明会员有权出席会议并可在会上向董事会陈述意见。如果会员提出要求，董事会须召开闭门会议。

(f)款：在作出处理后14天内以书面形式通知决定。(g)款则是对上述全部要求的约束——除非董事会履行本条的各项要求，否则纪律处分或损坏赔偿费对会员不生效。不是经质疑后可撤销，而是不生效。

如果会议之后董事会与会员仍有分歧，(d)款使会员可以依照第5910条使用内部争议解决程序。如果双方达成一致，(e)款要求董事会起草一份由双方签名的书面决议，该决议对协会具有约束力，并可由法院强制执行。

两项外部界限

民法典第5875条由AB 1410于2022年增订：在州或地方宣布的紧急状态期间，如果紧急状态的性质使业主防止或纠正违规变得不安全或不可能，协会不得就违反管理文件的行为采取任何执行措施。因未缴纳会费而采取的措施是明文规定的例外。

第5865条则为整节划定了边界：第5850条或第5855条的任何规定，都不创设、扩大或减少董事会处以罚款的权力。罚款的权力来自管理文件；这些条文只规定这一权力必须如何行使。

民法典 § 5850 — 英文原文

The Schedule of Penalties, and the $100 Cap
Amended by Stats. 2025, Ch. 22, Sec. 3. (AB 130) Effective June 30, 2025.

条文以英文呈现，因为法律以英文颁布，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本页的说明为中文；如与条文有出入，以条文为准。

(a)If an association adopts or has adopted a policy imposing any monetary penalty, including any fee, on any association member for a violation of the governing documents, including any monetary penalty relating to the activities of a guest or tenant of the member, the board shall adopt and distribute to each member, in the annual policy statement prepared pursuant to Section 5310, a schedule of the monetary penalties that may be assessed for those violations, which shall be in accordance with authorization for member discipline contained in the governing documents. Monetary penalties shall be reasonable.
(b)Any new or revised monetary penalty that is adopted after complying with subdivision (a) may be included in a supplement that is delivered to the members individually, pursuant to Section 4040.
(c)A monetary penalty for a violation of the governing documents shall not exceed the lesser of the following:
(c)(1)The monetary penalty stated in the schedule of monetary penalties or supplement that is in effect at the time of the violation.
(c)(2)One hundred dollars ($100) per violation.
(d)(1)Notwithstanding subdivision (c), the board may impose a penalty stated in the schedule of monetary penalties or supplement that is in effect at the time of the violation that is greater than one hundred dollars ($100) per violation, if the violation may result in an adverse health or safety impact on the common area or another association member’s property.
(d)(2)Before imposing a penalty on a violation pursuant to this subdivision, the board shall make a written finding specifying the adverse health or safety impact in a board meeting open to the members.
(e)A late charge or interest shall not be charged to a member for a monetary penalty.
(f)An association shall provide a copy of the most recently distributed schedule of monetary penalties, along with any applicable supplements to that schedule, to any member upon request.

本条的历史版本

通过比较加州立法顾问办公室每个立法会期发布一次的法典版本整理而成。最早的是2013至2014年版，其中《戴维斯-斯特林法》已采用现行编号，因此修改从其后的版本起记录。这不只是存档问题：民法典第5145条给予会员一年时间质疑选举，适用的是选举举行当日的现行条文，而不是今天的条文。

  1. AB 1302025-06-30起生效

    Amended by Stats. 2025, Ch. 22, Sec. 3. (AB 130) Effective June 30, 2025.

    7处分项修改 · 1处重新编号

    查看修改内容
    1. (a)… member discipline contained in the governing documents. Monetary penalties shall be reasonable.
    2. (c)A monetary penalty for a violation of the governing documents shall not exceed the monetary penalty stated in the schedule of monetary penalties or supplement that is in effect at the time lesser of the violation. following:
    3. (c)(1)The monetary penalty stated in the schedule of monetary penalties or supplement that is in effect at the time of the violation.
    4. (c)(2)One hundred dollars ($100) per violation.
    5. (d)(1)Notwithstanding subdivision (c), the board may impose a penalty stated in the schedule of monetary penalties or supplement that is in effect at the time of the violation that is greater than one hundred dollars ($100) per violation, if the violation may result in an adverse health or safety impact on the common area or another association member’s property.
    6. (d)(2)Before imposing a penalty on a violation pursuant to this subdivision, the board shall make a written finding specifying the adverse health or safety impact in a board meeting open to the members.
    7. (e)A late charge or interest shall not be charged to a member for a monetary penalty.

逐字转载自加州立法顾问办公室（Legislative Counsel）公布的条文，并与第二个来源逐字核对（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律属于政府法令，不受版权保护。本页为非官方转载——官方版本由立法顾问办公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公布，以该版本为准。
机器可读：/data/5850.json——同一条文，附分项锚点、日期和来源。

民法典 § 5855 — 英文原文

Ten Days' Notice, the Right to Cure, and Fourteen Days to Decide
Amended by Stats. 2025, Ch. 22, Sec. 4. (AB 130) Effective June 30, 2025.

条文以英文呈现，因为法律以英文颁布，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本页的说明为中文；如与条文有出入，以条文为准。

(a)When the board is to meet to consider or impose discipline upon a member, or to impose a monetary charge as a means of reimbursing the association for costs incurred by the association in the repair of damage to the common area and facilities caused by a member or the member’s guest or tenant, the board shall notify the member in writing, by either personal delivery or individual delivery pursuant to Section 4040, at least 10 days prior to the meeting.
(b)The notification shall contain, at a minimum, the date, time, and place of the meeting, the nature of the alleged violation for which a member may be disciplined or the nature of the damage to the common area and facilities for which a monetary charge may be imposed, and a statement that the member has a right to attend and may address the board at the meeting. The board shall meet in executive session if requested by the member.
(c)A member shall have the opportunity to cure the violation prior to the meeting. The board shall not impose discipline in either of the following circumstances:
(c)(1)The member cures the violation prior to the meeting.
(c)(2)If curing the violation would take longer than the time between the notice provided pursuant to subdivision (a) and the meeting, the member provides financial commitment to cure the violation.
(d)If the board and the member are not in agreement after the meeting, a member shall have the opportunity to request internal dispute resolution pursuant to Section 5910.
(e)If the board and the member are in agreement after the meeting, the board shall draft a written resolution. The written resolution, signed by the board and the member of the dispute pursuant to procedures not in conflict with the law or governing documents, binds the association and is judicially enforceable.
(f)If the board imposes discipline on a member or imposes a monetary charge on the member for damage to the common area and facilities, the board shall provide the member with a written notification of the decision, by either personal delivery or individual delivery pursuant to Section 4040, within 14 days following the action.
(g)A disciplinary action or the imposition of a monetary charge for damage to the common area shall not be effective against a member unless the board fulfills the requirements of this section.

本条的历史版本

通过比较加州立法顾问办公室每个立法会期发布一次的法典版本整理而成。最早的是2013至2014年版，其中《戴维斯-斯特林法》已采用现行编号，因此修改从其后的版本起记录。这不只是存档问题：民法典第5145条给予会员一年时间质疑选举，适用的是选举举行当日的现行条文，而不是今天的条文。

  1. AB 1302025-06-30起生效

    Amended by Stats. 2025, Ch. 22, Sec. 4. (AB 130) Effective June 30, 2025.

    7处分项修改 · 1处重新编号

    查看修改内容
    1. (a)… association in the repair of damage to the common area and facilities caused by a …
    2. (c)If A member shall have the board imposes discipline on a member or imposes a monetary charge on opportunity to cure the member for damage violation prior to the common area and facilities, the meeting. The board shall provide the member a written notification not impose discipline in either of the decision, by either personal delivery or individual delivery pursuant to Section 4040, within 15 days following the action. circumstances:
    3. (c)(1)The member cures the violation prior to the meeting.
    4. (c)(2)If curing the violation would take longer than the time between the notice provided pursuant to subdivision (a) and the meeting, the member provides financial commitment to cure the violation.
    5. (d)If the board and the member are not in agreement after the meeting, a member shall have the opportunity to request internal dispute resolution pursuant to Section 5910.
    6. (e)If the board and the member are in agreement after the meeting, the board shall draft a written resolution. The written resolution, signed by the board and the member of the dispute pursuant to procedures not in conflict with the law or governing documents, binds the association and is judicially enforceable.
    7. (f)If the board imposes discipline on a member or imposes a monetary charge on the member for damage to the common area and facilities, the board shall provide the member with a written notification of the decision, by either personal delivery or individual delivery pursuant to Section 4040, within 14 days following the action.

逐字转载自加州立法顾问办公室（Legislative Counsel）公布的条文，并与第二个来源逐字核对（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律属于政府法令，不受版权保护。本页为非官方转载——官方版本由立法顾问办公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公布，以该版本为准。
机器可读：/data/5855.json——同一条文，附分项锚点、日期和来源。

民法典 § 5865 — 英文原文

§§ 5850 and 5855 Neither Create Nor Reduce the Power to Fine
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.

条文以英文呈现，因为法律以英文颁布，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本页的说明为中文；如与条文有出入，以条文为准。

Nothing in Section 5850 or 5855 shall be construed to create, expand, or reduce the authority of the board to impose monetary penalties on a member for a violation of the governing documents.

逐字转载自加州立法顾问办公室（Legislative Counsel）公布的条文，并与第二个来源逐字核对（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律属于政府法令，不受版权保护。本页为非官方转载——官方版本由立法顾问办公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公布，以该版本为准。
机器可读：/data/5865.json——同一条文，附分项锚点、日期和来源。

民法典 § 5875 — 英文原文

No Enforcement During a Declared Emergency
Added by Stats. 2022, Ch. 858, Sec. 4. (AB 1410) Effective January 1, 2023.

条文以英文呈现，因为法律以英文颁布，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本页的说明为中文；如与条文有出入，以条文为准。

An association shall not pursue any enforcement actions for a violation of the governing documents, except those actions relating to the homeowner’s nonpayment of assessments, during a declared state or local emergency if the nature of the emergency giving rise to the declaration makes it unsafe or impossible for the homeowner to either prevent or fix the violation.

本条的历史版本

通过比较加州立法顾问办公室每个立法会期发布一次的法典版本整理而成。最早的是2013至2014年版，其中《戴维斯-斯特林法》已采用现行编号，因此修改从其后的版本起记录。这不只是存档问题：民法典第5145条给予会员一年时间质疑选举，适用的是选举举行当日的现行条文，而不是今天的条文。

  1. AB 14102023-01-01起生效

    Added by Stats. 2022, Ch. 858, Sec. 4. (AB 1410) Effective January 1, 2023.

    由该法案增订入法典。

逐字转载自加州立法顾问办公室（Legislative Counsel）公布的条文，并与第二个来源逐字核对（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律属于政府法令，不受版权保护。本页为非官方转载——官方版本由立法顾问办公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公布，以该版本为准。
机器可读：/data/5875.json——同一条文，附分项锚点、日期和来源。

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