加州 · 戴維斯-斯特林法 · 第4章第4節和第5節
不能拆開的幾樣東西。
獨立產權單位、公共區域中的份額和業主協會(HOA)的會員資格,在紙面上是三樣東西,在法律上是一樣東西。本節讓它們始終連在一起——在出售時,在止贖時,也在面對寧願把它們分開處理的債權人時。
條文 民法典 §§ 4610–4650
章 第4章,產權的所有與轉讓 · 第4節和第5節
收錄條文 9
條文核實 2026-11-03
不得分割
§ 4610(a):除本條另有規定外,共管公寓項目中的公共區域應保持不分割,且不得對其進行司法分割。如果沒有這條規則,任何一位業主都可以請求法院把庭院切分開來,也就沒有哪個共管公寓能獲得融資。
(b)款中的例外針對的是整個項目,而不是單個份額:業主可以依照本條規定的條件,就整個項目提起分割訴訟。第一款還特別補充說明,其中任何內容都不禁止對共管公寓內的共有關係進行分割——兩人共同擁有一個單元的情形,不受此限。
§ 4650是與之配套的條文。聲明書中關於各組成權益不可分離的限制,依《加州民法典》第711條(禁止對轉讓施加不合理限制的規則),不應被視為與所設定權益相牴觸的條件。這些限制因此不會因這一異議而失效,但有限度:其期限不得超出依照第4610條暫停分割權的期間。
隨單元一同轉移的權益
有四條法條把同一件事說了四遍,每種開發項目各一遍,因為隨之轉移的東西在每種情形下都不同。在任何情形下,獨立產權單位的任何讓與、司法拍賣或其他自願或非自願轉讓,都會一併轉移該權益;業主全部產權的轉讓,也會一併轉移在協會中的會員權益。
- § 4625社區公寓項目(community apartment project)——項目中的不分割權益。
- § 4630共管公寓項目——公共區域中的不分割權益。本條重申,除依照第4610條外,公共區域不得分割。
- § 4635規劃開發社區——公共區域中的不分割權益,如果存在的話。有些規劃開發社區沒有這種權益。
- § 4640股份合作公寓(stock cooperative)——在該法人中的所有權權益,無論以何種方式證明。
“非自願轉讓”這個詞在默默起作用。止贖或司法拍賣會轉移公共區域中的份額和會員資格,無論判決是否提到它們。在拍賣中買下單元的人,不會得到一個沒有投票權的單元。
§ 4645允許一項例外,並列明瞭條件:專用區域可以獨立於任何其他權益而轉讓——但前提是聲明書明確規定可以這樣做,並且轉讓依照聲明書的條款進行。單獨出售的停車位,需要已登記備案的文件中有這項授權;參見什麼屬於專用公共區域。
一位業主的施工方,另一位業主的產權
§ 4615(a)是承包商的律師往往很晚才發現的規定。經某位業主——或該業主的代理人或承包商——同意或應其要求而提供的勞務、服務或材料,不得作為對開發項目中任何其他業主的財產主張留置權的依據,除非該其他業主明確同意。
樓上的裝修不能讓樓下的單元背上產權負擔。本條接下來規定的,是解除違反本條而登記備案的留置權的程序,以及工程確實經授權用於公共區域時的相應處理。
如果被主張留置權的是公共區域
§ 4620:如果協會被送達針對公共區域改良工程的留置權主張,協會必須在60天內依照§ 4040向會員發出個別通知。每位會員的產權都可能受該留置權影響,所以每位會員都要得到通知——而且期限從送達之日起算,而不是從董事會下一次會議起算。
民法典 § 4610 — 英文原文
The Common Area Is Not Subject to Partition
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.
條文以英文呈現,因為法律以英文頒佈,具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文;如與條文有出入,以條文為準。
(a)Except as provided in this section, the common area in a condominium project shall remain undivided, and there shall be no judicial partition thereof. Nothing in this section shall be deemed to prohibit partition of a cotenancy in a condominium.
(b)The owner of a separate interest in a condominium project may maintain a partition action as to the entire project as if the owners of all of the separate interests in the project were tenants in common in the entire project in the same proportion as their interests in the common area. The court shall order partition under this subdivision only by sale of the entire condominium project and only upon a showing of one of the following:
(b)(1)More than three years before the filing of the action, the condominium project was damaged or destroyed, so that a material part was rendered unfit for its prior use, and the condominium project has not been rebuilt or repaired substantially to its state prior to the damage or destruction.
(b)(2)Three-fourths or more of the project is destroyed or substantially damaged and owners of separate interests holding in the aggregate more than a 50-percent interest in the common area oppose repair or restoration of the project.
(b)(3)The project has been in existence more than 50 years, is obsolete and uneconomic, and owners of separate interests holding in the aggregate more than a 50-percent interest in the common area oppose repair or restoration of the project.
(b)(4)Any conditions in the declaration for sale under the circumstances described in this subdivision have been met.
逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室(Legislative Counsel)公佈的條文,並與第二個來源逐字核對(leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law))。加州法律屬於政府法令,不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈,以該版本為準。
機器可讀:/data/4610.json——同一條文,附分項錨點、日期和來源。
民法典 § 4615 — 英文原文
A Lien for One Owner's Work May Not Reach Another's Property
Amended by Stats. 2018, Ch. 92, Sec. 38. (SB 1289) Effective January 1, 2019.
條文以英文呈現,因為法律以英文頒佈,具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文;如與條文有出入,以條文為準。
(a)In a common interest development, no labor performed or services or materials furnished with the consent of, or at the request of, an owner in the common interest development or the owners’ agent or contractor shall be the basis for the filing of a lien against any other property of another owner in the common interest development unless that other owner has expressly consented to or requested the performance of the labor or furnishing of the materials or services. However, express consent is deemed to have been given by the owner of any separate interest in the case of emergency repairs thereto.
(b)Labor performed or services or materials furnished for the common area, if duly authorized by the association, are deemed to be performed or furnished with the express consent of each separate interest owner.
(c)The owner of any separate interest may remove that owner’s separate interest from a lien against two or more separate interests or any part thereof by doing either of the following:
(c)(1)Pay to the holder of the lien the fraction of the total sum secured by the lien that is attributable to the owner’s separate interest.
(c)(2)Record a lien release bond, pursuant to Section 8424, in an amount equal to 125 percent of the sum secured by the lien that is attributable to the owner’s separate interest.
逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室(Legislative Counsel)公佈的條文,並與第二個來源逐字核對(leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law))。加州法律屬於政府法令,不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈,以該版本為準。
機器可讀:/data/4615.json——同一條文,附分項錨點、日期和來源。
民法典 § 4620 — 英文原文
Sixty Days to Tell the Members About a Lien on the Common Area
Added by Stats. 2017, Ch. 44, Sec. 2. (AB 534) Effective January 1, 2018.
條文以英文呈現,因為法律以英文頒佈,具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文;如與條文有出入,以條文為準。
If the association is served with a claim of lien pursuant to Part 6 (commencing with Section 8000) for a work of improvement on a common area, the association shall, within 60 days of service, give individual notice to the members, pursuant to Section 4040.
逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室(Legislative Counsel)公佈的條文,並與第二個來源逐字核對(leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law))。加州法律屬於政府法令,不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈,以該版本為準。
機器可讀:/data/4620.json——同一條文,附分項錨點、日期和來源。
民法典 § 4625 — 英文原文
Transfer in a Community Apartment Project
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.
條文以英文呈現,因為法律以英文頒佈,具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文;如與條文有出入,以條文為準。
In a community apartment project, any conveyance, judicial sale, or other voluntary or involuntary transfer of the separate interest includes the undivided interest in the community apartment project. Any conveyance, judicial sale, or other voluntary or involuntary transfer of the owner’s entire estate also includes the owner’s membership interest in the association.
逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室(Legislative Counsel)公佈的條文,並與第二個來源逐字核對(leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law))。加州法律屬於政府法令,不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈,以該版本為準。
機器可讀:/data/4625.json——同一條文,附分項錨點、日期和來源。
民法典 § 4630 — 英文原文
Transfer in a Condominium Project
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.
條文以英文呈現,因為法律以英文頒佈,具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文;如與條文有出入,以條文為準。
In a condominium project the common area is not subject to partition, except as provided in Section 4610. Any conveyance, judicial sale, or other voluntary or involuntary transfer of the separate interest includes the undivided interest in the common area. Any conveyance, judicial sale, or other voluntary or involuntary transfer of the owner’s entire estate also includes the owner’s membership interest in the association.
逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室(Legislative Counsel)公佈的條文,並與第二個來源逐字核對(leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law))。加州法律屬於政府法令,不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈,以該版本為準。
機器可讀:/data/4630.json——同一條文,附分項錨點、日期和來源。
民法典 § 4635 — 英文原文
Transfer in a Planned Development
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.
條文以英文呈現,因為法律以英文頒佈,具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文;如與條文有出入,以條文為準。
In a planned development, any conveyance, judicial sale, or other voluntary or involuntary transfer of the separate interest includes the undivided interest in the common area, if any exists. Any conveyance, judicial sale, or other voluntary or involuntary transfer of the owner’s entire estate also includes the owner’s membership interest in the association.
逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室(Legislative Counsel)公佈的條文,並與第二個來源逐字核對(leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law))。加州法律屬於政府法令,不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈,以該版本為準。
機器可讀:/data/4635.json——同一條文,附分項錨點、日期和來源。
民法典 § 4640 — 英文原文
Transfer in a Stock Cooperative
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.
條文以英文呈現,因為法律以英文頒佈,具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文;如與條文有出入,以條文為準。
In a stock cooperative, any conveyance, judicial sale, or other voluntary or involuntary transfer of the separate interest includes the ownership interest in the corporation, however evidenced. Any conveyance, judicial sale, or other voluntary or involuntary transfer of the owner’s entire estate also includes the owner’s membership interest in the association.
逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室(Legislative Counsel)公佈的條文,並與第二個來源逐字核對(leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law))。加州法律屬於政府法令,不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈,以該版本為準。
機器可讀:/data/4640.json——同一條文,附分項錨點、日期和來源。
民法典 § 4645 — 英文原文
Separate Transfer of Exclusive Use Areas
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.
條文以英文呈現,因為法律以英文頒佈,具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文;如與條文有出入,以條文為準。
Nothing in this article prohibits the transfer of exclusive use areas, independent of any other interest in a common interest subdivision, if authorization to separately transfer exclusive use areas is expressly stated in the declaration and the transfer occurs in accordance with the terms of the declaration.
逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室(Legislative Counsel)公佈的條文,並與第二個來源逐字核對(leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law))。加州法律屬於政府法令,不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈,以該版本為準。
機器可讀:/data/4645.json——同一條文,附分項錨點、日期和來源。
民法典 § 4650 — 英文原文
Restrictions on Severability Are Not Repugnant to the Interest
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.
條文以英文呈現,因為法律以英文頒佈,具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文;如與條文有出入,以條文為準。
Any restrictions upon the severability of the component interests in real property which are contained in the declaration shall not be deemed conditions repugnant to the interest created within the meaning of Section 711. However, these restrictions shall not extend beyond the period in which the right to partition a project is suspended under Section 4610.
逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室(Legislative Counsel)公佈的條文,並與第二個來源逐字核對(leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law))。加州法律屬於政府法令,不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈,以該版本為準。
機器可讀:/data/4650.json——同一條文,附分項錨點、日期和來源。