加州 · 戴維斯-斯特林法
您可以任其枯死的草坪。
加州的乾旱法律兩次深入CC&Rs（契約、條件與限制）內部：一次是宣告要求保持綠色草坪的約定條款無效，另一次是阻止會員遵守限水規定時本會隨之而來的罰款。
條文 民法典 §§ 4735, 4736
相關法案 AB 786 (2015) · SB 992 (2014)
收錄條文 2
條文核實 2026-11-03
四類直接無效的約定條款
《加州民法典》§ 4735(a)以“儘管有任何其他法律規定”開頭，其適用範圍超出聲明書（declaration）：管理文件或建築、景觀綠化方面的指引或政策中的條款，只要有下列任何一種情形，即屬無效且不可強制執行——
- 禁止使用低耗水植物（無論是成片種植，還是用來替換現有草坪），或設定實際上等於禁止的條件。
- 禁止人造草坪或其他仿草合成地面，或實際上等於禁止。
- 實際上禁止或限制遵守依照《加州政府法典》第65595條(c)通過的節水景觀條例。
- 實際上禁止或限制遵守依照《加州水法典》第353條或第375條通過的任何用水限制。
請注意前兩項保護的是什麼。不是某一株耐旱灌木，而是成片種植的低耗水植物，並且明確包括用來替換現有草坪的情形——草坪改造說的正是這種情形。人造草坪則單獨成項，因為這是業主協會（HOA）最常援引的約定條款。
§ 4735(b)保留其餘的景觀綠化規則，但以完全符合(a)款為限。協會仍然有自己的規則手冊，只是其中不能再有這四類條款。
任草坪變黃不會被罰款
§ 4735(c)：儘管本部有其他規定，在州長依照《加州政府法典》第8558條(b)宣佈乾旱緊急狀態期間，或地方政府依照第8558條(c)宣佈地方乾旱緊急狀態期間，業主減少或停止澆灌植物或草坪的，協會不得對其處以罰款或徵收會費。兩種宣佈有其一即可。
§ 4735(d)規定了一個例外，而且範圍很窄：如果業主從零售供水商處獲得再生水，卻不用於景觀灌溉，就不受這項保護。有替代水源而不使用，與節約用水是兩回事。
而且不必恢復原狀
§ 4735(e)只有一句話，卻是業主最常不知道的一條。業主為應對已宣佈的緊急狀態而安裝節水景觀設施的，在緊急狀態結束後，不得被要求撤除或恢復原狀。
因此，只要業主願意，改造就可以是永久的。乾旱解除後，協會發信要求業主恢復草坪，就是在要求法條規定協會不得要求的事情。
高壓沖洗
§ 4736(a)：在州或地方政府宣佈的乾旱緊急狀態期間，管理文件中要求對獨立產權單位外部或其附屬的專用公共區域進行高壓沖洗的條款，均屬無效且不可強制執行。
§ 4736(b)對這一用語作出定義，使該條款無法被繞開：即使用高壓噴霧器或水管以及飲用水，清除表面和物體上的鬆動油漆、黴菌、汙垢、灰塵、泥漿和塵土——明確列舉了建築物、車輛和混凝土。關鍵在於飲用水。使用再生水或非飲用水即可滿足的要求，不在本條宣告無效的範圍之內。
民法典 § 4735 — 英文原文
Low Water-Using Plants and Water-Efficient Landscaping
Amended by Stats. 2015, Ch. 780, Sec. 2.5. (AB 786) Effective October 11, 2015.
條文以英文呈現，因為法律以英文頒佈，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文；如與條文有出入，以條文為準。
(a)Notwithstanding any other law, a provision of the governing documents or architectural or landscaping guidelines or policies shall be void and unenforceable if it does any of the following:
(a)(1)Prohibits, or includes conditions that have the effect of prohibiting, the use of low water-using plants as a group or as a replacement of existing turf.
(a)(2)Prohibits, or includes conditions that have the effect of prohibiting, the use of artificial turf or any other synthetic surface that resembles grass.
(a)(3)Has the effect of prohibiting or restricting compliance with either of the following:
(a)(3)(A)A water-efficient landscape ordinance adopted or in effect pursuant to subdivision (c) of Section 65595 of the Government Code.
(a)(3)(B)Any regulation or restriction on the use of water adopted pursuant to Section 353 or 375 of the Water Code.
(b)This section shall not prohibit an association from applying landscaping rules established in the governing documents, to the extent the rules fully conform with subdivision (a).
(c)Notwithstanding any other provision of this part, except as provided in subdivision (d), an association shall not impose a fine or assessment against an owner of a separate interest for reducing or eliminating the watering of vegetation or lawns during any period for which either of the following have occurred:
(c)(1)The Governor has declared a state of emergency due to drought pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 8558 of the Government Code.
(c)(2)A local government has declared a local emergency due to drought pursuant to subdivision (c) of Section 8558 of the Government Code.
(d)Subdivision (c) shall not apply to an owner of a separate interest that, prior to the imposition of a fine or assessment described in subdivision (c), receives recycled water, as defined in Section 13050 of the Water Code, from a retail water supplier, as defined in Section 13575 of the Water Code, and fails to use that recycled water for landscaping irrigation.
(e)An owner of a separate interest upon which water-efficient landscaping measures have been installed in response to a declaration of a state of emergency described in subdivision (c) shall not be required to reverse or remove the water-efficient landscaping measures upon the conclusion of the state of emergency.
逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室（Legislative Counsel）公佈的條文，並與第二個來源逐字核對（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律屬於政府法令，不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈，以該版本為準。
機器可讀：/data/4735.json——同一條文，附分項錨點、日期和來源。
民法典 § 4736 — 英文原文
Pressure Washing During a Drought
Added by Stats. 2014, Ch. 434, Sec. 2. (SB 992) Effective September 18, 2014.
條文以英文呈現，因為法律以英文頒佈，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文；如與條文有出入，以條文為準。
(a)A provision of the governing documents shall be void and unenforceable if it requires pressure washing the exterior of a separate interest and any exclusive use common area appurtenant to the separate interest during a state or local government declared drought emergency.
(b)For purposes of this section, “pressure washing” means the use of a high-pressure sprayer or hose and potable water to remove loose paint, mold, grime, dust, mud, and dirt from surfaces and objects, including buildings, vehicles, and concrete surfaces.
逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室（Legislative Counsel）公佈的條文，並與第二個來源逐字核對（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律屬於政府法令，不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈，以該版本為準。
機器可讀：/data/4736.json——同一條文，附分項錨點、日期和來源。