加州 · 戴维斯-斯特林法
一只宠物、一块菜地和一根晾衣绳。
三个简短的条文，每一条都让一类常见的约定条款失效，每一条又都给业主协会（HOA）保留了“合理限制”的空间。其中两条对这个说法作了定义；没有定义的那一条是关于宠物的，而这一差别很重要。
条文 民法典 §§ 4715, 4750, 4753
章 第5章，财产使用与维护
收录条文 3
条文核实 2026-11-03
至少一只宠物
§ 4715(a)：任何管理文件都不得禁止业主在开发项目内饲养至少一只宠物，但须遵守协会的合理规则和规定。而且该条并不切断其他权利——它不得被解释为影响法律上饲养动物的任何其他权利，服务动物或辅助动物的情况就属于此类。
§ 4715(b)将宠物定义为任何驯养的鸟、猫、狗或养在水族箱中的水生动物——或协会与业主约定的任何其他动物。除经双方约定外，这份清单不容扩充，因此爬行动物或兔子只有在协会同意的情况下，才算本条所说的宠物。
§ 4715(d)的适用范围之广值得注意：这里的“管理文件”包括CC&Rs（契约、条件与限制）、章程以及规则和规定。声明书（declaration）不能规定的内容，董事会也不能借规则来实现。
新的限制不及于已经在养的动物
§ 4715(c)：如果协会通过一项规则，限制业主可以饲养的宠物数量，只要业主已有的宠物符合先前的规则，新规则就不适用于禁止业主继续饲养该宠物。限制只对今后适用，并不要求任何人把动物送走。
在依赖上述任何内容之前，有一个日期需要核对。§ 4715(e)规定，该条自2001年1月1日起施行，并且仅适用于在该日或之后订立、修订或以其他方式修改的管理文件。此前订立、此后从未改动过的文件，不在其适用范围之内。
在自家后院种植食物
§ 4750(b)规定，管理文件中实际上禁止或不合理地限制将业主后院用于个人农业种植的任何条款均属无效——这个术语完全借自《加州民法典》第1940.10条。
有两条界限。§ 4750(d)：该条仅适用于指定由业主专用的院子——不适用于公共区域，也不适用于共用的院子。而§ 4750(e)允许协会要求定期清除枯死植物和杂草，但明确排除了用于滋养土壤、保持水分的稻草、覆盖物、堆肥及其他有机材料。关于整洁的规则依然有效；铺了覆盖物的苗床并不算不整洁。
晾衣绳与晾衣架
§ 4753(c)对业主后院的晾衣绳或晾衣架作了同样的规定，同样经第4753条(d)(3)限定于指定由业主专用的后院。
关键在定义里。§ 4753(a)和(b)说明了什么才算数——绳索、绳子或金属线，或用于晾挂衣物的装置——然后两款都加上同一句话：阳台、栏杆、遮阳篷或结构物、建筑物的其他部分不符合资格。受保护的是您自己架设的晾衣绳，而不是把衣物搭在栏杆上。
“合理”被定义了两次，用的是同样的措辞
§ 4750(c)(2)和§ 4753(d)(2)都将合理限制定义为不会显著增加该活动成本的限制——民法典第4750条还加上了“或不会显著降低其效率”。这与本法对电动汽车充电站依第4745条(b)(2)所适用的检验相同：一项关于成本和性能的效果检验，完全不涉及外观。第4715条没有这样的定义，因此宠物规则只按一般的合理性标准来衡量。
民法典 § 4715 — 英文原文
Keeping at Least One Pet
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.
条文以英文呈现，因为法律以英文颁布，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本页的说明为中文；如与条文有出入，以条文为准。
(a)No governing documents shall prohibit the owner of a separate interest within a common interest development from keeping at least one pet within the common interest development, subject to reasonable rules and regulations of the association. This section may not be construed to affect any other rights provided by law to an owner of a separate interest to keep a pet within the development.
(b)For purposes of this section, “pet” means any domesticated bird, cat, dog, aquatic animal kept within an aquarium, or other animal as agreed to between the association and the homeowner.
(c)If the association implements a rule or regulation restricting the number of pets an owner may keep, the new rule or regulation shall not apply to prohibit an owner from continuing to keep any pet that the owner currently keeps in the owner’s separate interest if the pet otherwise conforms with the previous rules or regulations relating to pets.
(d)For the purposes of this section, “governing documents” shall include, but are not limited to, the conditions, covenants, and restrictions of the common interest development, and the bylaws, rules, and regulations of the association.
(e)This section shall become operative on January 1, 2001, and shall only apply to governing documents entered into, amended, or otherwise modified on or after that date.
逐字转载自加州立法顾问办公室（Legislative Counsel）公布的条文，并与第二个来源逐字核对（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律属于政府法令，不受版权保护。本页为非官方转载——官方版本由立法顾问办公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公布，以该版本为准。
机器可读：/data/4715.json——同一条文，附分项锚点、日期和来源。
民法典 § 4750 — 英文原文
Personal Agriculture in a Backyard
Added by Stats. 2014, Ch. 584, Sec. 3. (AB 2561) Effective January 1, 2015.
条文以英文呈现，因为法律以英文颁布，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本页的说明为中文；如与条文有出入，以条文为准。
(a)For the purposes of this section, “personal agriculture” has the same definition as in Section 1940.10.
(b)Any provision of a governing document, as defined in Section 4150, shall be void and unenforceable if it effectively prohibits or unreasonably restricts the use of a homeowner’s backyard for personal agriculture.
(c)(1)This section does not apply to provisions that impose reasonable restrictions on the use of a homeowner’s yard for personal agriculture.
(c)(2)For purposes of this section, “reasonable restrictions” are restrictions that do not significantly increase the cost of engaging in personal agriculture or significantly decrease its efficiency.
(d)This section applies only to yards that are designated for the exclusive use of the homeowner.
(e)This section shall not prohibit a homeowners’ association from applying rules and regulations requiring that dead plant material and weeds, with the exception of straw, mulch, compost, and other organic materials intended to encourage vegetation and retention of moisture in the soil, are regularly cleared from the backyard.
逐字转载自加州立法顾问办公室（Legislative Counsel）公布的条文，并与第二个来源逐字核对（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律属于政府法令，不受版权保护。本页为非官方转载——官方版本由立法顾问办公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公布，以该版本为准。
机器可读：/data/4750.json——同一条文，附分项锚点、日期和来源。
民法典 § 4753 — 英文原文
Clotheslines and Drying Racks
Added by renumbering Section 4750.10 by Stats. 2016, Ch. 714, Sec. 7. (SB 944) Effective January 1, 2017.
条文以英文呈现，因为法律以英文颁布，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本页的说明为中文；如与条文有出入，以条文为准。
(a)For the purposes of this section, “clothesline” includes a cord, rope, or wire from which laundered items may be hung to dry or air. A balcony, railing, awning, or other part of a structure or building shall not qualify as a clothesline.
(b)For the purposes of this section, “drying rack” means an apparatus from which laundered items may be hung to dry or air. A balcony, railing, awning, or other part of a structure or building shall not qualify as a drying rack.
(c)Any provision of a governing document, as defined in Section 4150, shall be void and unenforceable if it effectively prohibits or unreasonably restricts an owner’s ability to use a clothesline or drying rack in the owner’s backyard.
(d)(1)This section does not apply to provisions that impose reasonable restrictions on an owner’s backyard for the use of a clothesline or drying rack.
(d)(2)For purposes of this section, “reasonable restrictions” are restrictions that do not significantly increase the cost of using a clothesline or drying rack.
(d)(3)This section applies only to backyards that are designated for the exclusive use of the owner.
(e)Nothing in this section shall prohibit an association from establishing and enforcing reasonable rules governing clotheslines or drying racks.
逐字转载自加州立法顾问办公室（Legislative Counsel）公布的条文，并与第二个来源逐字核对（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律属于政府法令，不受版权保护。本页为非官方转载——官方版本由立法顾问办公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公布，以该版本为准。
机器可读：/data/4753.json——同一条文，附分项锚点、日期和来源。