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加州民法典 §§ 5205–5240

查閱協會記錄

每一場有爭議的選舉都會走到這裡。認為結果有誤的會員會要求查閱記錄，而他們能看到什麼、多快能看到、以什麼形式看到，由本節決定，而不是由業主協會（HOA）的董事會決定。在競選期間誰能拿到會員名單，也由本節決定。

條文 民法典 §§ 5205, 5210, 5215, 5216, 5225, 5230, 5235, 5240 本節其他條文 § 5200 · § 5220 修訂 § 5210: SB 410 (2025) · § 5230: SB 392 (2021) 條文核實 2026-11-03

與選舉相關之處

民法典 § 5205 — 英文原文

Availability of Association Records for Inspection
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.

條文以英文呈現，因為法律以英文頒佈，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文；如與條文有出入，以條文為準。

(a)The association shall make available association records for the time periods and within the timeframes provided in Section 5210 for inspection and copying by a member of the association, or the member’s designated representative.
(b)A member of the association may designate another person to inspect and copy the specified association records on the member’s behalf. The member shall make this designation in writing.
(c)The association shall make the specified association records available for inspection and copying in the association’s business office within the common interest development.
(d)If the association does not have a business office within the development, the association shall make the specified association records available for inspection and copying at a place agreed to by the requesting member and the association.
(e)If the association and the requesting member cannot agree upon a place for inspection and copying pursuant to subdivision (d) or if the requesting member submits a written request directly to the association for copies of specifically identified records, the association may satisfy the requirement to make the association records available for inspection and copying by delivering copies of the specifically identified records to the member by individual delivery pursuant to Section 4040 within the timeframes set forth in subdivision (b) of Section 5210.
(f)The association may bill the requesting member for the direct and actual cost of copying and mailing requested documents. The association shall inform the member of the amount of the copying and mailing costs, and the member shall agree to pay those costs, before copying and sending the requested documents.
(g)In addition to the direct and actual costs of copying and mailing, the association may bill the requesting member an amount not in excess of ten dollars ($10) per hour, and not to exceed two hundred dollars ($200) total per written request, for the time actually and reasonably involved in redacting an enhanced association record. If the enhanced association record includes a reimbursement request, the person submitting the reimbursement request shall be solely responsible for removing all personal identification information from the request. The association shall inform the member of the estimated costs, and the member shall agree to pay those costs, before retrieving the requested documents.
(h)Requesting parties shall have the option of receiving specifically identified records by electronic transmission or machine-readable storage media as long as those records can be transmitted in a redacted format that does not allow the records to be altered. The cost of duplication shall be limited to the direct cost of producing the copy of a record in that electronic format. The association may deliver specifically identified records by electronic transmission or machine-readable storage media as long as those records can be transmitted in a redacted format that prevents the records from being altered.

逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室（Legislative Counsel）公佈的條文，並與第二個來源逐字核對（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律屬於政府法令，不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈，以該版本為準。
機器可讀：/data/5205.json——同一條文，附分項錨點、日期和來源。

民法典 § 5210 — 英文原文

Time Periods and Deadlines for Inspection
Amended by Stats. 2025, Ch. 516, Sec. 4. (SB 410) Effective January 1, 2026.

條文以英文呈現，因為法律以英文頒佈，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文；如與條文有出入，以條文為準。

(a)Association records are subject to member inspection for the following time periods:
(a)(1)For the current fiscal year and for each of the previous two fiscal years.
(a)(2)Notwithstanding paragraph (1), minutes of member and board meetings are subject to inspection permanently. If a committee has decisionmaking authority, minutes of the meetings of that committee shall be made available commencing January 1, 2007, and shall thereafter be permanently subject to inspection.
(a)(3)Notwithstanding paragraph (1), all inspector’s reports compiled pursuant to Section 5551 shall be subject to inspection for the time period required by subdivision (i) of Section 5551.
(b)When a member properly requests access to association records, access to the requested records shall be granted within the following time periods:
(b)(1)Association records prepared during the current fiscal year, within 10 business days following the association’s receipt of the request.
(b)(2)Association records prepared during the previous two fiscal years, within 30 calendar days following the association’s receipt of the request.
(b)(3)Any record or statement available pursuant to Article 2 (commencing with Section 4525) of Chapter 4, Article 7 (commencing with Section 5300), Section 5565, or Section 5810, within the timeframe specified therein.
(b)(4)Minutes of member and board meetings, within the timeframe specified in subdivision (a) of Section 4950.
(b)(5)Minutes of meetings of committees with decisionmaking authority for meetings commencing on or after January 1, 2007, within 15 calendar days following approval.
(b)(6)Membership list, within the timeframe specified in Section 8330 of the Corporations Code.
(c)There shall be no liability pursuant to this article for an association that fails to retain records for the periods specified in subdivision (a) that were created prior to January 1, 2006.

本條的歷史版本

通過比較加州立法顧問辦公室每個立法會期發佈一次的法典版本整理而成。最早的是2013至2014年版，其中《戴維斯-斯特林法》已採用現行編號，因此修改從其後的版本起記錄。這不只是存檔問題：民法典第5145條給予會員一年時間質疑選舉，適用的是選舉舉行當日的現行條文，而不是今天的條文。

  1. SB 4102026-01-01起生效

    Amended by Stats. 2025, Ch. 516, Sec. 4. (SB 410) Effective January 1, 2026.

    1處分項修改

    查看修改內容
    1. (a)(3)Notwithstanding paragraph (1), all inspector’s reports compiled pursuant to Section 5551 shall be subject to inspection for the time period required by subdivision (i) of Section 5551.

逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室（Legislative Counsel）公佈的條文，並與第二個來源逐字核對（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律屬於政府法令，不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈，以該版本為準。
機器可讀：/data/5210.json——同一條文，附分項錨點、日期和來源。

民法典 § 5215 — 英文原文

Information the Association May Withhold or Redact
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.

條文以英文呈現，因為法律以英文頒佈，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文；如與條文有出入，以條文為準。

(a)Except as provided in subdivision (b), the association may withhold or redact information from the association records if any of the following are true:
(a)(1)The release of the information is reasonably likely to lead to identity theft. For the purposes of this section, “identity theft” means the unauthorized use of another person’s personal identifying information to obtain credit, goods, services, money, or property. Examples of information that may be withheld or redacted pursuant to this paragraph include bank account numbers of members or vendors, social security or tax identification numbers, and check, stock, and credit card numbers.
(a)(2)The release of the information is reasonably likely to lead to fraud in connection with the association.
(a)(3)The information is privileged under law. Examples include documents subject to attorney-client privilege or relating to litigation in which the association is or may become involved, and confidential settlement agreements.
(a)(4)The release of the information is reasonably likely to compromise the privacy of an individual member of the association.
(a)(5)The information contains any of the following:
(a)(5)(A)Records of goods or services provided a la carte to individual members of the association for which the association received monetary consideration other than assessments.
(a)(5)(B)Records of disciplinary actions, collection activities, or payment plans of members other than the member requesting the records.
(a)(5)(C)Any person’s personal identification information, including, without limitation, social security number, tax identification number, driver’s license number, credit card account numbers, bank account number, and bank routing number.
(a)(5)(D)Minutes and other information from executive sessions of the board as described in Article 2 (commencing with Section 4900), except for executed contracts not otherwise privileged. Privileged contracts shall not include contracts for maintenance, management, or legal services.
(a)(5)(E)Personnel records other than the payroll records required to be provided under subdivision (b).
(a)(5)(F)Interior architectural plans, including security features, for individual homes.
(b)Except as provided by the attorney-client privilege, the association may not withhold or redact information concerning the compensation paid to employees, vendors, or contractors. Compensation information for individual employees shall be set forth by job classification or title, not by the employee’s name, social security number, or other personal information.
(c)No association, officer, director, employee, agent, or volunteer of an association shall be liable for damages to a member of the association or any third party as the result of identity theft or other breach of privacy because of the failure to withhold or redact that member’s information under this section unless the failure to withhold or redact the information was intentional, willful, or negligent.
(d)If requested by the requesting member, an association that denies or redacts records shall provide a written explanation specifying the legal basis for withholding or redacting the requested records.

逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室（Legislative Counsel）公佈的條文，並與第二個來源逐字核對（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律屬於政府法令，不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈，以該版本為準。
機器可讀：/data/5215.json——同一條文，附分項錨點、日期和來源。

民法典 § 5216 — 英文原文

Safe at Home Participants: Substitute Address and Redaction
Added by Stats. 2021, Ch. 151, Sec. 2. (AB 611) Effective January 1, 2022.

條文以英文呈現，因為法律以英文頒佈，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文；如與條文有出入，以條文為準。

(a)Notwithstanding any other law, upon request of a member of an association who is an active participant in the Safe at Home program, the association shall do both of the following:
(a)(1)Accept and use the address designated by the Secretary of State as the Safe at Home participant’s substitute address under the Safe at Home program for all association communications.
(a)(2)Withhold or redact information that would reveal the name, community property address, or email address of the Safe at Home participant from both of the following:
(a)(2)(A)All resident community membership lists, including mailbox bank listings, resident directories, electronic keypads, unit property numbers, and internet web portal accounts.
(a)(2)(B)Any membership list that will be shared with other members of the association.
(b)An association shall keep member participation in the Safe at Home program confidential.
(c)For purposes of this section:
(c)(1)“Community property address” means the address of the member’s property within the community governed by the association.
(c)(2)“Safe at Home participant” means a person certified as a program participant in the Safe at Home program.
(c)(3)“Safe at Home program” means the address confidentiality program established pursuant to Chapter 3.1 (commencing with Section 6205) of Division 7 of Title 1 of the Government Code.

本條的歷史版本

通過比較加州立法顧問辦公室每個立法會期發佈一次的法典版本整理而成。最早的是2013至2014年版，其中《戴維斯-斯特林法》已採用現行編號，因此修改從其後的版本起記錄。這不只是存檔問題：民法典第5145條給予會員一年時間質疑選舉，適用的是選舉舉行當日的現行條文，而不是今天的條文。

  1. AB 6112022-01-01起生效

    Added by Stats. 2021, Ch. 151, Sec. 2. (AB 611) Effective January 1, 2022.

    由該法案增訂入法典。

逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室（Legislative Counsel）公佈的條文，並與第二個來源逐字核對（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律屬於政府法令，不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈，以該版本為準。
機器可讀：/data/5216.json——同一條文，附分項錨點、日期和來源。

民法典 § 5225 — 英文原文

Stating the Purpose of a Membership List Request
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.

條文以英文呈現，因為法律以英文頒佈，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文；如與條文有出入，以條文為準。

A member requesting the membership list shall state the purpose for which the list is requested which purpose shall be reasonably related to the requester’s interest as a member. If the association reasonably believes that the information in the list will be used for another purpose, it may deny the member access to the list. If the request is denied, in any subsequent action brought by the member under Section 5235, the association shall have the burden to prove that the member would have allowed use of the information for purposes unrelated to the member’s interest as a member.

逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室（Legislative Counsel）公佈的條文，並與第二個來源逐字核對（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律屬於政府法令，不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈，以該版本為準。
機器可讀：/data/5225.json——同一條文，附分項錨點、日期和來源。

民法典 § 5230 — 英文原文

Restrictions on the Use of Association Records
Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 640, Sec. 8. (SB 392) Effective January 1, 2022.

條文以英文呈現，因為法律以英文頒佈，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文；如與條文有出入，以條文為準。

(a)The association records, and any information from them, may not be sold, used for a commercial purpose, or used for any other purpose not reasonably related to a member’s interest as a member. An association may bring an action against any person who violates this article for injunctive relief and for actual damages to the association caused by the violation.
(b)This article may not be construed to limit the right of an association to damages for misuse of information obtained from the association records pursuant to this article or to limit the right of an association to injunctive relief to stop the misuse of this information.
(c)(1)An association or its managing agent shall not do either of the following:
(c)(1)(A)Sell a member’s personal information for any purpose without the consent of the member.
(c)(1)(B)Transmit a member’s personal information to a third party without the consent of the member unless required to do so by law, including, but not limited to, Article 5 (commencing with Section 5200).
(c)(2)A member may bring an action against an association that violates this subdivision for injunctive relief and actual damages caused by the violation. A member shall be entitled to recover reasonable costs and expenses, including reasonable attorney’s fees, in a successful action to enforce the member’s rights under this subdivision.
(d)An association shall be entitled to recover reasonable costs and expenses, including reasonable attorney’s fees, in a successful action to enforce its rights under this article.

本條的歷史版本

通過比較加州立法顧問辦公室每個立法會期發佈一次的法典版本整理而成。最早的是2013至2014年版，其中《戴維斯-斯特林法》已採用現行編號，因此修改從其後的版本起記錄。這不只是存檔問題：民法典第5145條給予會員一年時間質疑選舉，適用的是選舉舉行當日的現行條文，而不是今天的條文。

  1. SB 3922022-01-01起生效

    Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 640, Sec. 8. (SB 392) Effective January 1, 2022.

    4處分項修改 · 1處重新編號

    查看修改內容
    1. (c)(1)An association or its managing agent shall not do either of the following:
    2. (c)(1)(A)Sell a member’s personal information for any purpose without the consent of the member.
    3. (c)(1)(B)Transmit a member’s personal information to a third party without the consent of the member unless required to do so by law, including, but not limited to, Article 5 (commencing with Section 5200).
    4. (c)(2)A member may bring an action against an association that violates this subdivision for injunctive relief and actual damages caused by the violation. A member shall be entitled to recover reasonable costs and expenses, including reasonable attorney’s fees, in a successful action to enforce the member’s rights under this subdivision.

逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室（Legislative Counsel）公佈的條文，並與第二個來源逐字核對（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律屬於政府法令，不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈，以該版本為準。
機器可讀：/data/5230.json——同一條文，附分項錨點、日期和來源。

民法典 § 5235 — 英文原文

Member Action to Enforce Inspection Rights
Added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 2. (AB 805) Effective January 1, 2013. Operative January 1, 2014, by Sec. 3 of Ch. 180.

條文以英文呈現，因為法律以英文頒佈，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文；如與條文有出入，以條文為準。

(a)A member may bring an action to enforce that member’s right to inspect and copy the association records. If a court finds that the association unreasonably withheld access to the association records, the court shall award the member reasonable costs and expenses, including reasonable attorney’s fees, and may assess a civil penalty of up to five hundred dollars ($500) for the denial of each separate written request.
(b)A cause of action under this section may be brought in small claims court if the amount of the demand does not exceed the jurisdiction of that court.
(c)A prevailing association may recover any costs if the court finds the action to be frivolous, unreasonable, or without foundation.

逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室（Legislative Counsel）公佈的條文，並與第二個來源逐字核對（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律屬於政府法令，不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈，以該版本為準。
機器可讀：/data/5235.json——同一條文，附分項錨點、日期和來源。

民法典 § 5240 — 英文原文

Relationship of This Article to the Corporations Code
Amended (as to be added by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180) by Stats. 2013, Ch. 352, Sec. 54. (AB 1317) Effective September 26, 2013. Addition and amendment operative January 1, 2014, by Stats. 2012, Ch. 180, Sec. 3, and Stats. 2013, Ch. 352, Sec. 543.

條文以英文呈現，因為法律以英文頒佈，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本頁的說明為中文；如與條文有出入，以條文為準。

(a)As applied to an association and its members, the provisions of this article are intended to supersede the provisions of Sections 8330 and 8333 of the Corporations Code to the extent those sections are inconsistent.
(b)Except as provided in subdivision (a), members of the association shall have access to association records, including accounting books and records and membership lists, in accordance with Article 3 (commencing with Section 8330) of Chapter 13 of Part 3 of Division 2 of Title 1 of the Corporations Code.
(c)This article applies to any community service organization or similar entity that is related to the association, and to any nonprofit entity that provides services to a common interest development under a declaration of trust. This article shall operate to give a member of the organization or entity a right to inspect and copy the records of that organization or entity equivalent to that granted to association members by this article.
(d)This article shall not apply to any common interest development in which separate interests are being offered for sale by a subdivider under the authority of a public report issued by the Bureau of Real Estate so long as the subdivider or all subdividers offering those separate interests for sale, or any employees of those subdividers or any other person who receives direct or indirect compensation from any of those subdividers, comprise a majority of the directors. Notwithstanding the foregoing, this article shall apply to that common interest development no later than 10 years after the close of escrow for the first sale of a separate interest to a member of the general public pursuant to the public report issued for the first phase of the development.

來源不一致。 Subdivision (a) reads “the provisions of Sections 8330 and 8333 of the Corporations Code” in the Legislative Counsel's database and “Section 8330 and 8333” in California Public Law. The text here follows the official database. Everything else reads identically in both.

逐字轉載自加州立法顧問辦公室（Legislative Counsel）公佈的條文，並與第二個來源逐字核對（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律屬於政府法令，不受版權保護。本頁為非官方轉載——官方版本由立法顧問辦公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公佈，以該版本為準。
機器可讀：/data/5240.json——同一條文，附分項錨點、日期和來源。

會員名單，以及對它的兩項約束

要求獲得會員名單的會員必須說明目的，而且該目的必須與申請人作為會員的利益合理相關——民法典第5225條。競選董事就是這樣的目的。

如果協會合理地相信這些資料會被用於其他目的，可以拒絕提供名單——但為這種拒絕辯護的代價很高。在隨後依照第5235條提起的訴訟中，由協會承擔舉證責任，證明該會員原本會將名單用於與會員身份無關的目的。僅憑懷疑就拒絕向候選人提供名單的董事會，就承擔起了證明這種懷疑的責任。

民法典第5230條進而限制了記錄交出後可以如何使用：不得出售，不得用於商業目的，也不得用於與會員作為會員的利益沒有合理關聯的任何目的；協會可以對違反者提起訴訟，請求禁令救濟和實際損害賠償。

協會同樣不得出售或轉交會員的資料

由SB 392增訂的第5230條(c)從另一個方向作出規定：未經同意，協會或其管理代理人（managing agent）不得出於任何目的出售會員的個人資料；除非法律要求，未經同意也不得將其傳送給第三方。會員可以起訴請求禁令救濟和實際損害賠償，並獲得訴訟費用和律師費。作為改用電子投票的一部分而把會員名冊交給供應商的協會，在簽約前應先讀一讀這一款，因為會員同意的是送達方式，而不是資料的轉移。

會員還可以完全選擇不出現在共享名單上

依照民法典第5220條，會員可以選擇退出對其姓名、物業地址、電子郵件和郵寄地址的共享，該選擇在更改之前一直有效。收到名單的候選人，收到的是去掉這些會員之後的名單——這是關於競選的一個事實，而不是名單的錯誤；不說明這一點的協會，等於招來“扣留姓名”的投訴。

期限

民法典第5210條規定了記錄必須保持可供查閱的時間，以及必須多快提供：大多數財務記錄為本年度加上前兩年；本年度的記錄須在10個工作日內提供，以前年度的須在30個日曆日內提供；會員名單和擴充協會記錄（enhanced association records）另有規定的期限。對查閱請求的答覆，按的是一個不由協會設定的時間表。

哪些可以不予提供

民法典第5215條列出了協會可以塗黑或不予提供的內容——這是一份封閉清單，而不是一個酌情判斷的問題。其中包括會侵犯會員隱私的資料、人事記錄、紀律處分、涉訴協議，以及法律禁止披露的資料。如果一份記錄既有可披露的內容，也有可不予提供的內容，協會應當塗黑相關部分，而不是拒絕提供。

民法典第5216條增加了一項具體義務：對於參加加州州務卿（Secretary of State）“Safe at Home”地址保密計劃的會員，協會在所有通訊中都使用指定的替代地址，並不予提供或塗黑會透露該會員姓名或所在位置的資料。這是一項絕對義務，也適用於選舉郵件。

拒絕是有代價的，代價不大，但確定無疑

民法典第5235條賦予會員提起訴訟強制查閱的權利，勝訴的會員可獲得訴訟費用和律師費，而且每一項被拒絕的單獨書面請求，可處以最高500美元的民事罰款。就每項請求而言，這個數字並不大——但在選舉期間拒絕向候選人提供會員名單的董事會，是在一項一項地拒絕請求，而律師費的負擔只朝一個方向轉移。

兩者衝突時，本節優先於法人法

民法典第5240條規定，在適用於協會及其會員時，本節意在取代《加州公司法典》第8330條和第8333條中與之不一致的部分。所以，同時也是非營利法人的協會——大多數協會都是——在答覆會員的記錄查閱請求時，依據的是《戴維斯-斯特林法》，而不是法人法上的查閱權；向會員援引法人法規則的董事會，援引的是錯誤的法律。

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