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加州民法典 § 5103

自动当选

如果提名截止时，合格候选人的人数不超过席位数，业主协会（HOA）可以完全不经投票，直接让他们就任。这是成本最低的选举方式，也是最常因技术性细节而失败的方式，因为五项条件中有四项必须在任何人知道会有多少名候选人之前就已经满足。

条文 民法典 § 5103 修订 § 5103: AB 1764 (2023) 生效 2024-01-01 相关内容 § 5100 · § 5105 · § 5115 条文核实 2026-11-03

民法典 § 5103 — 英文原文

Election by Acclamation
Amended by Stats. 2023, Ch. 770, Sec. 3. (AB 1764) Effective January 1, 2024.
由AB 1892修订，2027年1月1日起生效

条文以英文呈现，因为法律以英文颁布，具有法律效力的是英文版本。本页的说明为中文；如与条文有出入，以条文为准。

Notwithstanding the secret balloting requirement in Section 5100, or any contrary provision in the governing documents, when, as of the deadline for submitting nominations provided for in subdivision (a) of Section 5115, the number of qualified candidates is not more than the number of vacancies to be elected, as determined by the inspector or inspectors of the elections, the association may, but is not required to, consider the qualified candidates elected by acclamation if all of the following conditions have been met:
(a)The association has held a regular election for the directors in the last three years. The three-year time period shall be calculated from the date ballots were due in the last full election to the start of voting for the proposed election.
(b)The association provided individual notice of the election and the procedure for nominating candidates as follows:
(b)(1)Initial notice at least 90 days before the deadline for submitting nominations provided for in subdivision (a) of Section 5115. The initial notice shall include all of the following:
(b)(1)(A)The number of board positions that will be filled at the election.
(b)(1)(B)The deadline for submitting nominations.
(b)(1)(C)The manner in which nominations can be submitted.
(b)(1)(D)A statement informing members that if, at the close of the time period for making nominations, there are the same number or fewer qualified candidates as there are board positions to be filled, then the board of directors may, after voting to do so, seat the qualified candidates by acclamation without balloting.
(b)(2)A reminder notice between 7 and 30 days before the deadline for submitting nominations provided for in subdivision (a) of Section 5115. The reminder notice shall include all of the following:
(b)(2)(A)The number of board positions that will be filled at the election.
(b)(2)(B)The deadline for submitting nominations.
(b)(2)(C)The manner in which nominations can be submitted.
(b)(2)(D)A list of the names of all of the qualified candidates to fill the board positions as of the date of the reminder notice.
(b)(2)(E)A statement reminding members that if, at the close of the time period for making nominations, there are the same number or fewer qualified candidates as there are board positions to be filled, then the board of directors may, after voting to do so, seat the qualified candidates by acclamation without balloting. This statement is not required if, at the time the reminder notice will be delivered, the number of qualified candidates already exceeds the number of board positions to be filled.
(c)(1)The association provides, within seven business days of receiving a nomination, a written or electronic communication acknowledging the nomination to the member who submitted the nomination.
(c)(2)The association provides, within seven business days of receiving a nomination, a written or electronic communication to the nominee, indicating either of the following:
(c)(2)(A)The nominee is a qualified candidate for the board of directors.
(c)(2)(B)The nominee is not a qualified candidate for the board of directors, the basis for the disqualification, and the procedure, which shall comply with Article 2 (commencing with Section 5900) of Chapter 10, by which the nominee may appeal the disqualification.
(c)(3)The association may combine the written or electronic communication described in paragraphs (1) and (2) into a single written or electronic communication if the nominee and the nominator are the same person.
(d)(1)The association permits all candidates to run if nominated, except for nominees disqualified for running as allowed or required pursuant to subdivisions (b) to (e), inclusive, of Section 5105.
(d)(2)If an association disqualifies a nominee pursuant to this subdivision, an association in its election rules shall also require a director to comply with the same requirements.
(e)The association board votes to consider the qualified candidates elected by acclamation at a meeting pursuant to Article 2 (commencing with Section 4900) for which the agenda item reflects the name of each qualified candidate that will be seated by acclamation if the item is approved.

本条的历史版本

通过比较加州立法顾问办公室每个立法会期发布一次的法典版本整理而成。最早的是2013至2014年版，其中《戴维斯-斯特林法》已采用现行编号，因此修改从其后的版本起记录。这不只是存档问题：民法典第5145条给予会员一年时间质疑选举，适用的是选举举行当日的现行条文，而不是今天的条文。

  1. AB 17642024-01-01起生效

    Amended by Stats. 2023, Ch. 770, Sec. 3. (AB 1764) Effective January 1, 2024.

    2处分项修改

    查看修改内容
    1. (d)(2)Notwithstanding paragraph (1), If an association may disqualify disqualifies a nominee if pursuant to this subdivision, an association in its election rules shall also require a director to comply with the person has served the maximum number of terms or sequential terms allowed by the association. same requirements.
    2. (d)(3)If an association disqualifies a nominee pursuant to this subdivision, an association in its election rules shall also require a director to comply with the same requirements.

  2. AB 5022022-01-01起生效

    Added by Stats. 2021, Ch. 517, Sec. 2.5. (AB 502) Effective January 1, 2022.

    由该法案增订入法典。

逐字转载自加州立法顾问办公室（Legislative Counsel）公布的条文，并与第二个来源逐字核对（leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL) · California Public Law (Public.Law)）。加州法律属于政府法令，不受版权保护。本页为非官方转载——官方版本由立法顾问办公室在leginfo.legislature.ca.gov公布，以该版本为准。
机器可读：/data/5103.json——同一条文，附分项锚点、日期和来源。

本条排除了什么

本条开头写道：notwithstanding the secret balloting requirement in Section 5100, or any contrary provision in the governing documents（尽管有《加州民法典》第5100条关于无记名投票的要求，或管理文件中有任何相反规定）。这两部分都很重要。本条既排除了董事必须以无记名投票选出的法定要求，也排除了协会自身管理文件中关于必须举行选举的规定——因此，早于本条制定的章程条款不能迫使董事会举行投票。

本条是授权性的，而不是强制性的：协会may, but is not required to（可以但无须）让候选人就任。希望举行投票的董事会仍然可以举行投票。

由监察员而不是董事会来算这笔账

合格候选人的人数是否超过空缺席位数，由一名或多名选举监察员认定。这是关于候选人资格的认定，与民法典第5110条赋予监察员对委托书的裁决职能相同——而且必须依照当时有效的选举规则作出，而不是依照董事会现在的解读。

五项条件，按其约束的先后顺序

  1. 过去三年内举行过一次常规董事选举。从上一次完整选举的选票截止日起，计算至本次拟议选举开始投票之日。连续三年都以自动当选（acclamation）方式产生董事的协会，不能再次自动当选——必须先举行一次投票选举。正是这项条件，悄然使那些很久没有举行过有竞争的选举的协会不再符合条件，而这些协会恰恰最有可能选择自动当选。
  2. 在提名截止日期前至少90天发出首次个别通知，载明待选席位数、截止日期、提名方式，并明确说明：如果提名人数不超过席位数，董事会可以不经投票，以自动当选方式让候选人就任。 自2027年1月1日起，这一期限改为30天，而不是90天——AB 1892。
  3. 在截止日期前7至30天之间发出提醒通知，重复上述事项，并列出截至当时所有合格候选人的姓名。如果届时候选人人数已经超过席位数，提醒通知可以省略关于自动当选的说明。 自2027年1月1日起，这一时间窗口改为下限：截止日期前不少于10天——AB 1892。
  4. 在收到每份提名后七个工作日内发出确认——一份发给提交提名的会员，一份发给被提名人，告知其符合资格，或者不符合资格、理由何在，以及如何通过协会依第10章第2节设立的内部争议解决程序提出申诉。如果提名人与被提名人是同一人，两份确认可以合并。
  5. 董事会在经通知召开的公开会议上表决，议程项目须列明一旦通过即将就任的每名候选人的姓名。不能作为无需讨论的同意事项，也不能写成“选举结果”。

为什么这是加州业主协会选举中代价最高的错误

陷阱在于90天通知。协会在2月判断，自己很可能会有三名候选人竞选三个席位，可以省下一次邮寄的费用——但90天通知本应在提名截止日期之前就已发出，而提名截止日期本身又早于选举。等到有人清点候选人时，发出该通知的时间窗口早已关闭。

于是，协会只能在年度会议前几周、在压缩的日程中，举行一场未列入预算的完整投票选举。自动当选不是在提名期结束时作出的决定，而是在提名截止至少90天之前，通过发出一份说明可能自动当选的通知而作出的决定。

2027年1月1日起，这会容易得多。AB 1892将首次通知期限从90天缩短为30天，使这一决定从大约在年度会议前五个月作出，变为大约前三个月作出。对于在2027年上半年举行的选举，通知可能落在变更之前，也可能落在变更之后，因此通知的发出日期决定了它须满足哪条规则——2026年12月发出的通知适用90天规则。

取消资格必须双向适用

(d)款允许所有被提名人参选，但依照民法典第5105条(b)至(e)被取消资格者除外——即选举规则可以或必须规定的候选人资格。此外，它还附加了一个容易被忽视的条件：协会依照本款取消被提名人资格的，其选举规则还必须要求董事遵守同样的要求。

如果一条规则禁止欠费会员参选，却不要求在任期间欠费的董事去职，协会就不得在此依据该规则取消被提名人的资格。这项标准必须双向适用，否则完全不能适用。

申诉途径由法律规定

被取消资格的被提名人有权获知取消资格的理由和申诉程序，而该程序shall comply with（必须符合）第10章第2节——即协会的内部争议解决程序。这并不是让协会自行设计一套程序，而是援引协会本来就必须具备的程序。

记录必须显示什么

两份通知，包括其日期，以及每名会员依照民法典第4040条有权获得的送达方式；提名登记，记录每份提名的收到日期和每份确认的日期，以便逐一核查每名被提名人的七个工作日期限；每项资格认定及其依据；董事会表决所在会议的议程，其中列明候选人姓名；以及记录该表决的会议纪要。依照第5145条，协会必须证明瑕疵没有影响结果；而在自动当选的情形下，被指称的瑕疵就是：如果通知送达了某名会员，该会员本会参选。

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