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Assembly Bill 2159 · legislatura 2023–24

Boletas secretas electrónicas, permitidas desde el 1 de enero de 2025

Las HOA de California ya pueden celebrar elecciones de junta por boleta secreta a través de internet. AB 2159 reformó seis artículos del Civil Code para permitirlo, mantuvo en su sitio al inspector de elecciones independiente, y dejó una categoría de voto en papel: las cuotas ordinarias y extraordinarias.

Ley AB 2159 En vigor 1 de enero de 2025 Reforma Civ. Code §§ 5105, 5110, 5115, 5120, 5125, 5200, 5260 Última verificación 2026-10-10

Qué cambió

Antes de AB 2159, una HOA de California que celebraba una elección por boleta secreta la hacía en papel, normalmente con un sistema de doble sobre que separaba la identidad del votante de la boleta. El voto electrónico quedaba en una posición incierta. La reforma sustituyó esa incertidumbre por un permiso y una especificación: la asociación puede usar boleta secreta electrónica por internet siempre que su sistema cumpla los requisitos ahora escritos en el § 5110(c)(4)(B).

El doble sobre no se ha abolido. Sigue siendo el procedimiento en papel, y el papel sigue estando en toda elección por las razones que se exponen abajo.

Qué no cambió

El inspector de elecciones sigue siendo obligatorio

AB 2159 aclaró el papel del inspector en una elección electrónica. No eliminó la exigencia. La asociación que vota electrónicamente sigue teniendo que contratar a un tercero independiente que no sea director, ni candidato, ni esté contratado por la asociación para otros servicios. Véase el § 5110.

Las cuotas siguen en papel

Las votaciones sobre cuotas ordinarias y extraordinarias quedan excluidas de la boleta electrónica. Es la restricción de la reforma que más se pasa por alto, y rompe la secuencia que asumen las plataformas que venden «decisión y después cobro»: en California, la decisión de imponer la cuota se toma en papel aunque todo lo que la rodea sea electrónico.

Los miembros siguen pudiendo elegir papel

El voto electrónico funciona sobre la base de poder salirse. La asociación adopta una regla operativa electoral que lo permite; el miembro puede cambiar entre electrónico y papel a más tardar 90 días antes de la elección; y el miembro sin dirección de correo electrónico recibe boleta en papel automáticamente. Toda elección californiana es, por tanto, híbrida en la práctica, y los dos canales tienen que cuadrar en un solo expediente.

Es un cambio de reglas antes que un cambio de software

La asociación no puede pasarse al voto electrónico para una elección que ya tiene encima. Hay que adoptar la regla operativa, avisar a los miembros del método y de su derecho a salirse, y confirmar la compatibilidad de los dispositivos — cada cosa con su propio reloj legal, el primero de los cuales corre unos cinco meses por delante de la reunión.

Calcule los plazos desde la fecha de su reunión →

Relacionado

Qué cambió, artículo por artículo

Leído comparando la publicación del código del propio Legislative Counsel anterior a esta ley con la posterior — lo suprimido tachado, lo añadido subrayado, la renumeración separada del fondo.

§ 5105

Esta ley fue la única que reformó este artículo en esa ventana.

  1. (a)(7)reformado… voter list. The candidate list shall include name names and address addresses of individuals nominated as a candidate for … of directors. The voter list shall include the name, voting power, and either the physical …
  2. (c)reformadoThrough its bylaws or election operating rules adopted pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 5105 only, an association may disqualify a person …
  3. (g)reformadoNotwithstanding Except as provided in subdivision (i), notwithstanding any other law, the rules adopted pursuant …
  4. (h)(4)(B)reformado… election operating rules may be accomplished by either any of the following methods:
  5. (h)(4)(B)(i)reformado… with the phrase, in at least 12-point font: type: “The rules governing this election may be found here:”
  6. (i)añadidoNotwithstanding an association’s governing documents, the association may adopt an election operating rule that allows an association to utilize an inspector or inspectors of elections, as specified in Section 5110, to conduct an election by electronic secret ballot, except for an election regarding regular or special assessments, as provided for in Chapter 8 (commencing with Section 5600).
  7. (i)(1)añadidoAn election operating rule adopted pursuant to this subdivision shall include, but not be limited to, all of the following purposes:
  8. (i)(1)(A)añadidoPermitting a member to change their preferred method of voting from electronic secret ballot to written ballot or written ballot to electronic secret ballot no later than 90 days before an election.
  9. (i)(1)(B)añadidoRequiring an electronic secret ballot and a written ballot to contain the same list of items being voted on.
  10. (i)(1)(C)(i)añadidoFor an election operating rule where a member is permitted to opt out of voting by electronic secret ballot to vote by written ballot, requiring the association to mail a written ballot only to a member who has opted out of voting by electronic secret ballot or for whom the association does not have an email address required to vote by electronic secret ballot.
  11. (i)(1)(C)(ii)añadidoFor an election operating rule where a member who is permitted to opt into voting by electronic secret ballot, requiring the association to send an electronic secret ballot only to a member who has opted into voting by electronic secret ballot.
  12. (i)(1)(D)añadidoRequiring the association to maintain a voting list identifying which members will vote by electronic secret ballot and which members will vote by written ballot, and include information on the procedures to either opt out of or opt into voting by electronic secret ballot, as applicable, in the annual statement prepared pursuant to Section 5310.
  13. (i)(1)(E)añadidoRequiring a member who votes by electronic secret ballot to provide a valid email address to the association.
  14. (i)(1)(F)añadidoProhibiting nomination of candidates from the floor of membership meetings, notwithstanding subdivision (g).
  15. (i)(2)añadidoAn electronic secret ballot may be accompanied by or contained in an electronic individual notice in accordance with paragraph (2) of subdivision (a) of Section 4040.
  16. (i)(3)(A)añadidoThe association shall deliver individual notice of the electronic secret ballot to each member 30 days before the election and shall contain instructions on both of the following:
  17. (i)(3)(A)(i)añadidoHow to obtain access to that internet-based voting system.
  18. (i)(3)(A)(ii)añadidoHow to vote by electronic secret ballot.
  19. (i)(3)(B)añadidoDelivery of the individual notice described in subparagraph (A) may be accomplished by electronic submission to an address, location, or system designated by the member.
  20. (i)(4)añadidoFor an election operating rule where members are permitted to opt out of voting by electronic secret ballot to vote by written ballot, the association shall provide individual notice, delivered pursuant to Section 4040, at least 30 days before the deadline to opt out of voting by electronic secret ballot, of all of the following:
  21. (i)(4)(A)añadidoThe member’s current voting method.
  22. (i)(4)(B)añadidoIf the member’s voting method is by electronic secret ballot and the association has an email address for the member, the email address of the member that will be used for voting by electronic secret ballot.
  23. (i)(4)(C)añadidoAn explanation that the member is required to opt out of voting by electronic secret ballot if the member elects to vote by written secret ballot.
  24. (i)(4)(D)añadidoAn explanation of how a member may opt out of voting by electronic secret ballot.
  25. (i)(4)(E)añadidoThe deadline by which the member is required to opt out of voting by electronic secret ballot if the member elects to exercise that right.
  26. (i)(5)añadidoA vote made by electronic secret ballot is effective when it is electronically transmitted to an address, location, or system designated by an inspector or inspectors of elections.
  27. (i)(6)añadidoA vote made by electronic secret ballot shall not be revoked.
  28. (i)(7)añadidoIf the association does not have a member’s email address required to vote by electronic secret ballot by the time at which ballots are to be distributed, the association shall send the member a written secret ballot.
  29. (i)(8)añadidoFor purposes of determining a quorum, a member voting electronically pursuant to this subdivision shall be counted as a member in attendance at the meeting. Once the quorum is established, a substantive vote of the members shall not be taken on any issue other than the issues specifically identified in the electronic vote.
  30. (i)(9)añadidoAs used in this subdivision, “electronic secret ballot” means a ballot conducted by an electronic voting system that ensures the secrecy and integrity of a ballot pursuant to the requirements of this article.

§ 5110

Esta ley fue la única que reformó este artículo en esa ventana.

  1. (c)(4)reformadoHear and determine Ensure compliance with all challenges and questions in any way arising out of the following, if the inspector or in connection with the right inspectors of elections conducts an election by electronic secret ballot pursuant to vote. Section 5105:
  2. (c)(4)(A)añadidoEach member voting by electronic secret ballot shall be provided with all of the following:
  3. (c)(4)(A)(i)añadidoA method to authenticate the member’s identity to the internet-based voting system.
  4. (c)(4)(A)(ii)añadidoA method to transmit an electronic secret ballot to the internet-based voting system that ensures the secrecy and integrity of each ballot.
  5. (c)(4)(A)(iii)añadidoA method to confirm, at least 30 days before the voting deadline, that the member’s electronic device can successfully communicate with the internet-based voting system.
  6. (c)(4)(B)añadidoAny internet-based voting system that is utilized shall have the ability to accomplish all of the following:
  7. (c)(4)(B)(i)añadidoAuthenticate the member’s identity.
  8. (c)(4)(B)(ii)añadidoAuthenticate the validity of each electronic secret ballot to ensure that the electronic secret ballot is not altered in transit.
  9. (c)(4)(B)(iii)añadidoTransmit a receipt from the internet-based voting system to each member who casts an electronic secret ballot.
  10. (c)(4)(B)(iv)añadidoPermanently separate any authenticating or identifying information from the electronic secret ballot, rendering it impossible to connect an election ballot to a specific member.
  11. (c)(4)(B)(v)añadidoStore and keep electronic secret ballots accessible to elections officials or their authorized representatives for recount, inspection, and review purposes.
  12. (c)(5)reformadoCount Hear and tabulate determine all votes. challenges and questions in any way arising out of or in connection with the right to vote.
  13. (c)(6)reformadoDetermine when the polls shall close, consistent with the governing documents. Count and tabulate all votes.
  14. (c)(7)reformadoDetermine when the tabulated results of polls shall close, consistent with the election. governing documents.
  15. (c)(8)reformadoPerform any acts as may be proper to conduct Determine the election with fairness to all members in accordance with this article, the Corporations Code, and all applicable rules tabulated results of the association regarding the conduct of the election that are not in conflict with this article. election.
  16. (c)(9)añadidoPerform any acts as may be proper to conduct the election with fairness to all members in accordance with this article, the Corporations Code, and all applicable rules of the association regarding the conduct of the election that are not in conflict with this article.
  17. (d)reformadoAn inspector or inspectors of elections shall perform all duties impartially, … faith, to the best of the inspector or inspectors of election’s elections’ ability, as expeditiously as is practical, and …

§ 5120

Esta ley fue la única que reformó este artículo en esa ventana.

  1. (a)reformado… elections, or the designee of the inspector or inspectors of elections, in public at a properly … the counting and tabulation of the votes. No A person, including a member of the association or an employee of the management company, shall not open or otherwise review any ballot prior to before the time and place at which the ballots are counted and tabulated. The inspector or inspectors of elections, or the designee of the inspector or inspectors of elections, may verify the member’s information … secret ballot is received by the inspector or inspectors of elections, it shall be irrevocable.
  2. (c)añadidoA person, including a member of the association or an employee of the management company, shall not open or otherwise review any tally sheet of votes cast by electronic secret ballots before the time and place at which the ballots are counted and tabulated.

§ 5125

Esta ley fue la única que reformó este artículo en esa ventana.

  1. reformadoThe sealed ballots, signed voter envelopes, voter list, proxies, and candidate registration list list, and tally sheet of votes cast by electronic secret ballot shall at all times be in the … shall, upon written request, make the ballots and the tally sheet of votes cast by electronic secret ballot available for inspection and review by an …

§ 5260

Esta ley fue la única que reformó este artículo en esa ventana.

  1. (g)añadidoA request to opt out of or opt into electronically voting by electronic secret ballot, pursuant to Section 5105.

Instantáneas comparadas: 2023 y 2025. Ambas son las publicaciones masivas bienales del Legislative Counsel, congeladas tras cerrar su sesión.