{
  "section": "7513",
  "code": "California Corporations Code",
  "law_code": "CORP",
  "citation": "California Corporations Code § 7513",
  "heading": "Action by Written Ballot Without a Meeting",
  "heading_is_editorial": true,
  "effective": "2005-01-01",
  "amended_by": "Stats. 2004, Ch. 254, Sec. 26",
  "official_credit_line": "Amended by Stats. 2004, Ch. 254, Sec. 26. Effective January 1, 2005.",
  "official_url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=CORP&sectionNum=7513.",
  "page_url": "https://quoroom.org/corp-7513",
  "verified": "two sources agree",
  "verification_note": "Text taken verbatim from the Legislative Counsel of California official code database (LAW_SECTION_TBL in pubinfo_2025.zip, lawCode CORP — the same data that backs leginfo.legislature.ca.gov), extracted by HTTP range request and validated against the stored CRC32. Independently compared word-by-word against california.public.law: no textual differences. The only diff-hits were whitespace artifacts around that site's hyperlinked statutory citations (e.g. \"( Section 5034 )\"). The \"heading\" field is an editorial descriptive label written for this dataset; California Corporations Code sections carry no official heading in the statutory text itself.",
  "sources": [
    {
      "url": "https://downloads.leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/pubinfo_2025.zip",
      "accessed": "2026-10-10",
      "name": "leginfo (Legislative Counsel official bulk code database, LAW_SECTION_TBL, lawCode=CORP)",
      "note": "Authoritative. The leginfo.legislature.ca.gov HTML page for this section (https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=CORP&sectionNum=7513.) returned HTTP 403 (Cloudflare bot challenge) on 2026-10-10; the official bulk download of the same database was used instead. Decompressed text verified against the archive's CRC32."
    },
    {
      "url": "https://california.public.law/codes/ca_corp_code_section_7513",
      "accessed": "2026-10-10",
      "name": "California Public Law (Public.Law)",
      "note": "Independent publisher. Edition shown: updated Jan. 1, 2005, matching the official credit line."
    }
  ],
  "subdivisions": [
    {
      "id": "a",
      "label": "(a)",
      "text": "Subject to subdivision (e), and unless prohibited in the articles or bylaws, any action which may be taken at any regular or special meeting of members may be taken without a meeting if the corporation distributes a written ballot to every member entitled to vote on the matter. Unless otherwise provided by the articles or bylaws and if approved by the board of directors, that ballot and any related material may be sent by electronic transmission by the corporation (Section 20) and responses may be returned to the corporation by electronic transmission to the corporation (Section 21). That ballot shall set forth the proposed action, provide an opportunity to specify approval or disapproval of any proposal, and provide a reasonable time within which to return the ballot to the corporation.",
      "anchor": "https://quoroom.org/corp-7513#s7513-a"
    },
    {
      "id": "b",
      "label": "(b)",
      "text": "Approval by written ballot pursuant to this section shall be valid only when the number of votes cast by ballot within the time period specified equals or exceeds the quorum required to be present at a meeting authorizing the action, and the number of approvals equals or exceeds the number of votes that would be required to approve at a meeting at which the total number of votes cast was the same as the number of votes cast by ballot.",
      "anchor": "https://quoroom.org/corp-7513#s7513-b"
    },
    {
      "id": "c",
      "label": "(c)",
      "text": "Ballots shall be solicited in a manner consistent with the requirements of subdivision (b) of Section 7511 and Section 7514. All such solicitations shall indicate the number of responses needed to meet the quorum requirement and, with respect to ballots other than for the election of directors, shall state the percentage of approvals necessary to pass the measure submitted. The solicitation must specify the time by which the ballot must be received in order to be counted.",
      "anchor": "https://quoroom.org/corp-7513#s7513-c"
    },
    {
      "id": "d",
      "label": "(d)",
      "text": "Unless otherwise provided in the articles or bylaws, a written ballot may not be revoked.",
      "anchor": "https://quoroom.org/corp-7513#s7513-d"
    },
    {
      "id": "e",
      "label": "(e)",
      "text": "Directors may be elected by written ballot under this section, where authorized by the articles or bylaws, except that election by written ballot may not be authorized where the directors are elected by cumulative voting pursuant to Section 7615.",
      "anchor": "https://quoroom.org/corp-7513#s7513-e"
    },
    {
      "id": "f",
      "label": "(f)",
      "text": "When directors are to be elected by written ballot and the articles or bylaws prescribe a nomination procedure, the procedure may provide for a date for the close of nominations prior to the printing and distributing of the written ballots.",
      "anchor": "https://quoroom.org/corp-7513#s7513-f"
    }
  ]
}